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951.
Participants have difficulty in reporting the second of two masked targets if the second target is presented within 500 ms
of the first target—an attentional blink (AB). Individual participants differ in the magnitude of their AB. The present study
employed an individual differences design and two visual working memory tasks to examine whether visual working memory capacity
and/or the ability to exclude irrelevant information from visual working memory (working memory filtering efficiency) could
predict individual differences in the AB. Visual working memory capacity was positively related to filtering efficiency, but
did not predict AB magnitude. However, the degree to which irrelevant stimuli were admitted into visual working memory (i.e.,
poor filtering efficiency) was positively correlated with AB magnitude over and above visual working memory capacity. Good
filtering efficiency may benefit the AB by not allowing irrelevant RSVP distractors to gain access to working memory. 相似文献
952.
Perroud N Uher R Dieben K Nicastro R Huguelet P 《Journal of personality disorders》2010,24(5):634-650
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness, and predictors of response and drop-out during a four-week course of intensive dialectical behavior therapy (I-DBT) in 447 outpatients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD), over a 10-year period. Assessments included a diagnostic interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Among these participants, 103 started a second course of treatment. In agreement with previous reports, I-DBT was effective in reducing levels of depression and hopelessness with a trend of increasing effectiveness over the study period. High schizoid scores and low narcissistic score predicted poor response. Treatment completion rate was high, and low education predicted dropout. A discussion on the usefulness of a second course of treatment should be held with patients and staff as it was not effective in reducing depression and hopelessness. 相似文献
953.
Joyce Rupert Karen A. Jehn Marloes L. van Engen Renée S. M. de Reuver 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(1):25-37
Purpose
In this study, we investigated the commitment of cultural minorities and majorities in organizations. We examined how contextual factors, such as pressure to conform and leadership styles, affect the commitment of minority and majority members. 相似文献954.
Karen Nieuwenhuijsen Jos H. A. M. Verbeek Angela G. E. M. de Boer Roland W. B. Blonk Frank J. H. van Dijk 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2010,28(2):57-72
It remains unclear if patients with different types of common mental disorders, such as adjustment, anxiety and depressive
disorders, have the same irrational ideas. The aim of this prospective cohort study (n = 190) is to investigate differences in level and type of irrational beliefs among these groups and to examine whether a
change in irrational beliefs is related to symptom recovery. Irrational beliefs (IBI) and symptoms were measured at four points
in time: at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Results showed that diagnostic groups differed in their level of irrational
beliefs and this effect remained over time. Highest levels of irrationality were observed in the double diagnosis group, followed
by the anxiety disorder group and the depression group. Participants with adjustment disorders showed the lowest levels of
irrationality, comparable to a community sample. We did not find differences in the type of irrational beliefs between diagnostic
groups. The level of irrationality declined over time for all diagnostic groups. No differences in decrease were observed
between diagnostic groups. The magnitude and direction of change in irrational beliefs were related to the magnitude of recovery
of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms over time. These results support the application of general cognitive interventions,
especially for patients with a depressive or an anxiety disorder. 相似文献
955.
Accuracy for a second target is reduced when it is presented within 500 msec of a first target. This phenomenon is called
the attentional blink (AB). A diffused attentional state (via positive affect or an additional task) has been shown to reduce the AB, whereas a
focused attentional state (via negative affect) has been shown to increase the AB, purportedly by influencing the amount of
attentional investment and flexibility. In the present study, individual differences in personality traits related to positive
affect, negative affect, and cognitive flexibility were used to predict individual differences in AB magnitude. As hypothesized,
greater extraversion and openness predicted smaller ABs. Greater openness also predicted higher overall target accuracy. Greater
neuroticism predicted larger ABs and lower overall target accuracy. Conscientiousness, associated with less cognitive flexibility,
predicted lower overall target accuracy. Personality may modulate the AB by influencing overinvestment via dispositional tendencies
toward more or less stringent or capable cognitive control. 相似文献
956.
Examination of the relation between an assessment of skills and performance on auditory–visual conditional discriminations for children with autism spectrum disorder 下载免费PDF全文
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Padraic Monaghan Karen Mattock Robert A. I. Davies Alastair C. Smith 《Cognitive Science》2015,39(5):1099-1112
Learning to map words onto their referents is difficult, because there are multiple possibilities for forming these mappings. Cross‐situational learning studies have shown that word‐object mappings can be learned across multiple situations, as can verbs when presented in a syntactic context. However, these previous studies have presented either nouns or verbs in ambiguous contexts and thus bypass much of the complexity of multiple grammatical categories in speech. We show that noun word learning in adults is robust when objects are moving, and that verbs can also be learned from similar scenes without additional syntactic information. Furthermore, we show that both nouns and verbs can be acquired simultaneously, thus resolving category‐level as well as individual word‐level ambiguity. However, nouns were learned more quickly than verbs, and we discuss this in light of previous studies investigating the noun advantage in word learning. 相似文献
960.
Pilot Testing of an Online Training for Criminal Justice Professionals on Medication‐Assisted Treatment 下载免费PDF全文
Jason Matejkowski Karen L. Dugosh Nicolle T. Clements David S. Festinger 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2015,36(1):13-27
There is widespread misunderstanding about medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid addiction. Although most MAT trainings target providers, criminal justice program staff and treatment referrers often determine offender placement. This article supports the efficacy of an online MAT training for criminal justice stakeholders. 相似文献