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41.
Elizabeth F. Loftus Karen Donders Hunter G. Hoffman Jonathan W. Schooler 《Memory & cognition》1989,17(5):607-616
In two experiments involving a total of 542 subjects, a series of slides depicting a burglary was shown. After the initial event, subjects were exposed to one or more narratives about the event that contained some misinformation or neutral information about four critical details. Finally, subjects were tested on their memories of what they saw, and their reaction times and confidence levels were measured. When subjects took a standard test in which the misinformation item was a possible response option, they responded very quickly and confidently when making this incorrect choice. Misled subjects responded as quickly and confidently to these "unreal" memories as they did to their genuine memories. It does not seem, then, that the misinformation effect arises from a large proportion of subjects who must resolve a conflict between two memories when they are tested, a conflict that would be expected to take time. When subjects took a modified test in which the misinformation item was not a possible response, misled subjects were as accurate as were controls, but they responded more slowly, regardless of whether they ultimately chose the right or wrong option. These findings indicate that misinformation does introduce some form of interference not detected by a simple test of accuracy. 相似文献
42.
43.
Neuropsychological functioning in hemiparkinsonism 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A standardized neuropsychological battery including measures of intellectual cognitive, memory, attention-concentration, language, abstraction and mental flexibility, and sensory and motor functions was administered to 21 hemiparkinsonian patients (14 with right side and 7 with left side symptoms) and 17 controls matched for age and education. Patients were impaired in all functions except sensory. For motor functions, impairment was ipsilateral to the side of symptoms. For cognitive functions, right side symptoms were associated with verbal deficits whereas left side symptoms were associated with spatial deficits. Thus, a pattern of neuropsychological deficits consistent with the lateralization of motor symptoms may appear in the early stages of the disease. 相似文献
44.
Karen Pfeffer 《Current Psychology》1989,8(4):307-315
This study concerns children’s awareness and understanding of dangers at home. Children aged five to seven years responded
to photographs depicting child models exposed to a range of dangers which may be encountered at home—involving the road, a
cooker (stove), a knife, electricity, fire, medicine and climbing. Generally, the children were found to be well aware of
the dangers in all the circumstances, with small age effects noted for the road, medicine, climbing, cooker and knife situations.
Understanding of the consequences of exposure to danger varied across situations and a tendency to underestimate the seriousness
of the potential harm was noted.
This research was conducted while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Department of Psychology, University of
Leeds and was supported by a University of Leeds Senate Research Grant to Professor A.J. Chapman. 相似文献
45.
Can we imagine how objects look from other viewpoints? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Many psychologists who study cognition believe that perception achieves object-centered representations that make it possible to extract representations of how the object would appear from differing viewpoints. Others believe we can achieve representations of how an object would appear by a process of visualization or mental rotation. We report experiments in which the subject tries to imagine how three-dimensional novel wire objects would appear from positions other than the one they are in. Subjects are unable to perform this task unless they make use of strategies that circumvent the process of visualization. It is suggested that the linear increase in time required to succeed in mental rotation tasks as a function of the angular discrepancy between the figures compared is the result of increasing difficulty rather than of the time required for rotation. 相似文献
46.
MICHAEL R. LIEPMAN M.D. TED D. NIRENBERG Ph.D. RICHARD H. DOOLITTLE M.S.W. Ed.D. ANN M. BEGIN M.A THOMAS E. BROFFMAN M.S.W. L.I.C.S.W. MARK E. BABICH M.A. 《Family process》1989,28(2):239-249
Family functioning of 20 alcoholic male veterans and their female partners was assessed in relation to drinking (wet) and abstinent (dry) intervals. Repeated measures analyses performed on the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) indicated that on all 7 scales of the FAD, alcoholics and their mates perceived family functioning to be better during dry than wet periods. In contrast to their alcoholic mates, female partners gave healthier ratings to all FAD scales except Roles in the dry condition and Affective Involvement in the wet condition. According to published cutoff scores for healthy and unhealthy family functioning, alcoholics as a group viewed their wet and dry family functioning as unhealthy, although the female group regarded the family's dry Problem Solving and Behavioral Control as healthy. These findings suggest that the family functioning of alcohol-involved couples is biphasic, oscillating between drinking and abstinent periods. 相似文献
47.
Enuresis was investigated in the context of different styles of training for bladder control among three Israeli ethnic groups (Jews of Moroccan, Kurdish or Eastern European descent). Semistructured interviews were conducted in ethnically homogeneous agricultural villages with 46 mothers of 248 children between the ages of 3 and 18 years. In contrast to previous British and American studies, no sex differences were found, but there were higher rates of primary enuresis and lower rates of secondary (regressive) enuresis. Enuresis was correlated among siblings in the Kurdish group only and with disorderly sleeping arrangements in the Moroccan group. The Moroccan and Kurdish groups had higher rates of enuresis than the Ashkenazi group. The higher rates appear to be related to differences in the age of onset of training and a lack of age-appropriate changes in the parent-child interaction, which led to chronic enuresis and the inability to seek effective assistance. These results are discussed in terms of a proposed typology for training: an early symbiotic style, a strict toddler style, and a communicative partnership. 相似文献
48.
This paper demonstrates a method of transferring research data from a remote clinic to a large university mainframe for data manipulation and statistical analysis. Data collected by an Apple //e computer were transferred to an IBM 3031 mainframe by sending data files to an IBM PC by telephone modem or by direct hardwire connection to the PC. The IMB PC performed data-formatting routines and then uploaded the files to the mainframe for storage. Advantages and disadvantages of sending data over telephone lines via a modem are discussed. 相似文献
49.
Single-subject statistics were used to analyze physiological data [electromyographic (EMG) temperature] recorded from two patients receiving computer-assisted biofeedback treatment in a clinic. When the data were analyzed by an ANOVA method or a regression technique, the results demonstrated that both patients learned to significantly reduce EMG levels. The rationale of using single-subject statistics is discussed, and the applicability of the statistical technique to the clinic population is illustrated. 相似文献
50.