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941.
The present study examines the effects of speed constraints (target velocity) and time constraints (target duration) on performance on a coincident timing task by 5-, 7- and 9-year-old children and adults. The results showed that the young children significantly improved their performance (per cent of hits) and response accuracy CE, |CE| when given longer time to perform the task. The adults were just as successful for both durations. All subjects showed better performance (per cent of hits) with slower targets, however, for the children this effect was only noticeable with targets of long duration. Target duration also revealed development changes in response control and execution, with the younger children producing different response patterns for IRT, MT and IP measures. The developmental differences at this task are discussed in terms of the control mechanisms involved and the use of strategies in responding. 相似文献
942.
Perfectionism and Suicidal Preoccupation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT One hundred twenty-nine undergraduate students were assessed for suicidal preoccupation, using the Alabama Adolescent Health Survey (AAHS) and selected cards from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). They were also administered the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) to assess perfectionistic tendencies. Objective scoring of the TAT was found to be highly reliable. Canonical correlational analyses were nonsignificant for a relationship between perfectionism and suicidal themes on the TAT. However, the more direct questions of the AAHS relating to suicide were significantly related to perfectionism. Results suggest that passive perfectionists who procrastinate out of fear of making mistakes are more likely to be preoccupied with suicide, unlike perfectionists whose strivings produce achievement. High personal standards and parental expectations do not appear related to suicidal preoccupations. 相似文献
943.
Karen L. Gould William L. Coventry Richard K. Olson Brian Byrne 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(2):251-263
Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable, emerging evidence suggests symptoms are associated with interactions between genes and the environment (GxE) during development. This study tested whether heritability of ADHD symptoms is moderated by two environmental factors: socioeconomic status (SES) and chaos (household disorganisation). A population sample of 520 twin pairs (N = 1040, 52.3% female) from 6 to 15 years completed measures of behavior and home environment. Structural equation modelling was then used to test whether environmental factors were associated with a change in the extent to which genes explain variability in ADHD symptoms. Neither chaos nor SES moderated heritability, with consistent contributions from both genes and environment indicated across socioeconomic strata and levels of chaos. This finding contrasts with those of previous research, underlining the need to replicate results in the emerging field of GxE research across different populations and statistical methods. Robust findings may assist in developing targeted interventions for genetically vulnerable individuals. 相似文献
944.
Janine V. Olthuis Patrick J. McGrath Charles E. Cunningham Michael H. Boyle Patricia Lingley-Pottie Graham J. Reid Alexa Bagnell Ellen L. Lipman Karen Turner Penny Corkum Sherry H. Stewart Patrick Berrigan Kathy Sdao-Jarvie 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(8):1613-1629
Disruptive behavior disorders are prevalent in youth, yet most children with disruptive behavior do not have access to timely, effective treatment. Distance-delivered service (e.g., via telephone, Internet) can overcome several barriers to care. This study tested the effectiveness of a 12-week parent training program, Strongest Families? Parenting the Active Child, delivered via written material, skill-based videos, and telephone coaching sessions, as compared to usual care in reducing child externalizing behavior. Participants were 172 primary caregivers of a 6- to 12-year-old (29% girls; M age?=?8.5 years) recruited from community children’s mental health clinics. Participants were randomized to either Strongest Families? or usual care and completed measures of child externalizing behavior, parenting practices, parent distress, and intervention services consumed at baseline and 5-, 10-, 16-, and 22-months post-baseline. Growth curve analysis showed significant reductions in externalizing behavior in both conditions over time. Improvements were significantly greater at 10 months in the Strongest Families? condition (d =?0.43). At 22 months, however, the differences were not significant and small in magnitude (d =??0.05). The intervention decreased inconsistent discipline significantly more than usual care. Parents in both conditions showed significant reductions in distress. We also conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the value for money of the Strongest Families? program versus usual care. Distance parent training is a promising way to increase access to, and reduce costs associated with, mental health care for families with a child with disruptive behavior. 相似文献
945.
If You Are Emotionally Intelligent: The effects of customer‐related social stressors on counterproductive work behavior for front‐line service employees 下载免费PDF全文
Ran Zhang Kylie Redfern Meredith A. Newman Karen Ferreira‐Meyers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2016,24(3):260-271
Recent literature in the area of employee–customer interactions suggests that stressful encounters contribute to negative outcomes for service employees. Few studies, however, have focused on the effects of customer‐related social stressors (CSS) on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) among front‐line service employees. The researchers tested a moderated mediation model of the effects of CSS on CWB with the key objective of exploring the mediation effects of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effects of emotional intelligence on this relationship. Based on a sample of 244 call center representatives in China, the research revealed that CSS led to emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, related to CWB for service employees. Furthermore, emotional intelligence acted as a buffer on the effects of CSS on CWB via emotional exhaustion. 相似文献
946.
This study examined the hypothesis that maternal socialization of coping would make a differential contribution to youth depression
and externalizing psychopathology depending on youths’ level of exposure to life stress. A sample of 155 youth (M age = 12.41, SD = 1.21) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires in a two-wave longitudinal
study over a 1-year period. Results provided evidence for two types of socialization × stress interactions—an amplification-effects
model and a differential-effects model. In the context of interpersonal stress, findings supported an amplification-effects
model wherein the risk and protective effects of engagement and disengagement socialization of coping emerged in youth exposed
to high but not mild levels of stress. In the context of noninterpersonal stress, findings supported a differential-effects
model wherein disengagement socialization of coping contributed to heightened risk among youth exposed to high stress but
dampened risk among youth exposed to mild stress. This research identifies maternal socialization of coping as a noteworthy
contributor to risk for youth psychopathology, and highlights the need to consider parenting × environment interactions when
investigating parenting processes related to youth psychopathology. 相似文献
947.
Despite the need for braille literacy, there has been little attempt to systematically evaluate braille-instruction programs. The current study evaluated an instructive procedure for teaching early braille-reading skills with 4 school-aged children with degenerative visual impairments. Following a series of pretests, braille instruction involved providing a sample braille letter and teaching the selection of the corresponding printed letter from a comparison array. Concomitant with increases in the accuracy of this skill, we assessed and captured the formation of equivalence classes through tests of symmetry and transitivity among the printed letters, the corresponding braille letters, and their spoken names. 相似文献
948.
Rocio Rosales Karen Stone Ruth Anne Rehfeldt 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):541-549
The effectiveness of a behavioral skills training (BST) package to teach the implementation of the first three phases of the picture exchange communication system (PECS) was evaluated with 3 adults who had no history teaching any functional communication system. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training package, which consisted of a video, written and verbal instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Results showed significant improvements relative to baseline in a short amount of training time and that skills generalized to a learner with a severe developmental disability. Skills were maintained at 1 month follow‐up for 1 participant. 相似文献
949.
Johnson MK Mitchell KJ Raye CL McGuire JT Sanislow CA 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2006,13(4):614-618
We previously demonstratedmental rubbernecking during the simple cognitive act ofrefreshing a just activated representation. Participants saw two neutral and one negative word presented simultaneously and, 425 msec
later, were cued to mentally refresh (i.e., think of) one of the no-longer-present words. They were slower to refresh a neutral
word than the negative word (Johnson et al., 2005, Experiment 6A). The present experiments extended that work by showing mental
rubbernecking when negative items were sometimes the target of refreshing, but not when negative items were present but never
the target of refreshing, indicating that expectations influence mental rubbernecking. How expectations might modulate the
impact of emotional distraction is discussed. 相似文献
950.
The authors propose new procedures for evaluating direct, indirect, and total effects in multilevel models when all relevant variables are measured at Level 1 and all effects are random. Formulas are provided for the mean and variance of the indirect and total effects and for the sampling variances of the average indirect and total effects. Simulations show that the estimates are unbiased under most conditions. Confidence intervals based on a normal approximation or a simulated sampling distribution perform well when the random effects are normally distributed but less so when they are nonnormally distributed. These methods are further developed to address hypotheses of moderated mediation in the multilevel context. An example demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed methods. 相似文献