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331.
Caucasian-, Hispanic-, and Asian-American male and female students (n?=?764) attending a California (USA) public university reported their perceptions of sexual assault. After reading a rape vignette, participants gave their impressions of the victim; estimated time needed for recovery and treatment; and recommended a sentence for the assailant. Half of the sample received information regarding state sentencing guidelines. Relative to female participants, males perceived the victim as more responsible. Caucasian-American males had stronger reservation about the victim’s judgment. Males were less inclined to assign blame than were females. Ethnicity was the only factor influencing perceptions of recovery. Ethnicity and sentencing guidelines, but not gender, impacted imprisonment decisions. Issues impeding a unified theoretical understanding of perceptions of rape victims were considered. 相似文献
332.
Gordon L. Flett Lester Krames Karel Vredenburg 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):240-248
The present study evaluated levels of instrumental and expressive traits and vulnerability to severe depression. A sample
of 44 depressed psychiatric patients (i.e., 22 currently depressed patients and 22 remitted depressed patients) completed
the Beck Depression Inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, a well-known personality measure that assesses masculinity
(i.e., instrumentality) and femininity (i.e., expressivity). Analyses revealed that currently depressed patients, relative
to the remitted depressed patients, had significantly lower levels of both instrumental and expressive traits. Overall, most
currently depressed patients were characterized by unhealthy, undifferentiated sex-role self-concepts (i.e., low levels of
masculinity and femininity) while the sex-role self-concepts of remitted depressed patients closely resembled those found
in nonclinical populations. The current results qualify recent research on the impact of depression on personality ratings
by suggesting that severe depression may contribute by lowering scores on self-report assessments of socially desirable personality
traits reflecting agentic, instrumental characteristics, and communal, expressive characteristics. 相似文献
333.
Simone F. Lambert Michael LeBlanc Jodi Ann Mullen Dee Ray Jennifer Baggerly JoAnna White David Kaplan 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2007,85(1):42-46
Through a joint research committee sponsored by the Association for Play Therapy (APT) and the American Counseling Association (ACA), The National Play Therapy in Counseling Practices Project conducted the first phase of investigation. Findings offered a snapshot of mental health providers of play therapy, regarding the nature of who they are and what they do. In terms of training, play modalities, theoretical orientation, and employment setting, comparisons were made based on membership of participants in ACA or APT. Further research was suggested to examine the effectiveness of play therapy with specific therapeutic issues. 相似文献
334.
Vafaei AA Jezek K Bures J Fenton AA Rashidy-Pour A 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,88(1):87-93
In this study, tetrodotoxin (TTX) inactivation was employed to evaluate the involvement of the rat's basolateral amygdala (BLA) in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory using a place avoidance learning task. Rats were trained in single 30 min session to avoid a 60 degrees segment of the stable circular (80-cm diameter) arena, entering which was punished by a mild shock. Bilateral injections of TTX or saline were made either immediately, 1 or 2h after training. Retention was tested 24h later in a 30 min extinction session. Retention was impaired when both BLA inactivated immediately or 1h after training, but not 2h after training. These data indicate that activity in the BLA, at least 60 min after training, is necessary for the post-training processing of a hippocampus-dependent place avoidance memory. 相似文献
335.
Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: a general analytical framework using moderated path analysis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Studies that combine moderation and mediation are prevalent in basic and applied psychology research. Typically, these studies are framed in terms of moderated mediation or mediated moderation, both of which involve similar analytical approaches. Unfortunately, these approaches have important shortcomings that conceal the nature of the moderated and the mediated effects under investigation. This article presents a general analytical framework for combining moderation and mediation that integrates moderated regression analysis and path analysis. This framework clarifies how moderator variables influence the paths that constitute the direct, indirect, and total effects of mediated models. The authors empirically illustrate this framework and give step-by-step instructions for estimation and interpretation. They summarize the advantages of their framework over current approaches, explain how it subsumes moderated mediation and mediated moderation, and describe how it can accommodate additional moderator and mediator variables, curvilinear relationships, and structural equation models with latent variables. 相似文献
336.
337.
Christopher J. L. Cunningham Mukta Panda Jeremy Lambert Greg Daniel Kathleen DeMars 《Journal of religion and health》2017,56(4):1231-1247
Many scholars have written about the role of spirituality in health care. One mechanism for incorporating spirituality into the care of patients is to integrate clinically trained chaplains into hospital care teams. We examined in a mixed-methods fashion, the effects of this type of integrated care team within a teaching hospital setting. The quality and impact of chaplain involvement were studied from patient and physician-in-training perspectives, using data from more than 200 patients and physicians in training. Findings clearly show that clinically trained chaplains can contribute meaningful expertise and real value to the quality and comprehensiveness of patient and physician experiences. 相似文献
338.
Joseph M. Lambert Anne M. Clohisy S. Blair Barrows Nealetta J. Houchins-Juarez 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2017,26(2):201-220
Researchers have demonstrated for practitioners how to use multiple-schedules preparations to thin initially dense schedules of reinforcement during functional communication training, without sacrificing benefits associated with dense schedules of reinforcement for manding. However, special considerations may be required for practitioners to successfully apply this strategy to noncompliance. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether multiple-schedules preparations could maintain contextually prescribed compliance and manding during interventions for noncompliance. For one participant, a multiple-schedules intervention was sufficient to establish socially valid outcomes. For the other, chained-schedules modifications were required before compliance emerged in relevant components. 相似文献
339.
Patrick M. Tyler Ronald W. Thompson Alexandra L. Trout Matthew C. Lambert Lori L. Synhorst 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(6):1603-1613
Aftercare services have been suggested to improve the outcomes of youth who depart group homes. The purpose of this study was to collect views from social service agency leaders about the aftercare supports they believed were most important for youth departing group homes. This project used a survey method and gathered views from 38 agency leaders who were 28–66 years of age, with an average of 21 years of experience working with residential care programs in 23 states across the United States. Participants ranked seven support domains (i.e., family, education, mental health, relationships, physical health, safety, and independent living) and rated 56 specific aftercare supports based on importance for youth who were departing group homes and returning to their homes/schools prior to high school graduation. Results suggested family, safety, and mental health supports were the most important domains of support for aftercare. Specific aftercare items that were rated critically important included support for self-harm/suicidal thoughts, accessing mental health services, coping with trauma, and managing medication for behavior/mental health. Tables are provided for the complete list of 56 specific support ratings. The findings are summarized and limitations are discussed. Also included are the implications the findings could have regarding future research on the design of aftercare services. 相似文献
340.
Alejandra Morales Picard Lauren Hogan Megan L. Lambert Anna Wilkinson Amanda M. Seed Katie E. Slocombe 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):285-298
While social learning has been demonstrated in species across many taxa, the role it plays in everyday foraging decisions is not well understood. Investigating social learning during foraging could shed light on the emergence of cultural variation in different groups. We used an open diffusion experiment to examine the spread of a novel foraging technique in captive Amazon parrots. Three groups were tested using a two-action foraging box, including experimental groups exposed to demonstrators using different techniques and control birds. We also examined the influence of agonistic and pilfering behaviour on task acquisition. We found evidence of social learning: more experimental birds than control birds interacted with and opened the box. The birds were, however, no more likely to use the demonstrated technique than the non-demonstrated one, making local or stimulus enhancement the most likely mechanism. Exhibiting aggression was positively correlated with box opening, whilst receiving aggression did not reduce motivation to engage with the box, indicating that willingness to defend access to the box was important in task acquisition. Pilfering food and success in opening the box were also positively correlated; however, having food pilfered did not affect victims’ motivation to interact with the box. In a group context, pilfering may promote learning of new foraging opportunities. Although previous studies have demonstrated that psittacines are capable of imitation, in this naturalistic set-up there was no evidence that parrots copied the demonstrated opening technique. Foraging behaviour in wild populations of Amazons could therefore be facilitated by low-fidelity social learning mechanisms. 相似文献