Past research has established that some individuals with high Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores at one time point have scores that are lower at a second time point. Recently, we provided evidence indicating that the temporal instability of certain BDI scores may be due partly to the regression to the mean phenomenon. Pepper and Coyne (1996) question this statistical interpretation; they argue that distress among students is unstable for substantive reasons. In the current paper, we reaffirm our view that statistical and measurement factors may account, in part, for changes in BDI scores over time. Given this possibility, inferences about distress or depression as a latent construct in student samples are not warranted if these inferences are based on the administration of a single instrument such as the BDI; any conclusions about distress as a psychological construct must be qualified by acknowledging the possible roles of error and method variance. Clearly, empirical research is needed in order to obtain a better understanding of the nature of distress as a latent variable, especially in light of evidence which indicates that subthreshold levels of depression have a high degree of clinical significance. 相似文献
Lack and transcendence: The Problem of Death and Life in Psychotherapy, Existentialism, and Buddhism. David Loy, 1996 New Jersey, Humanities Press 186 pp.
Obscenity, Anarchy, Reality. Crispin Sartwell New York, State University of New York Press 192 pp.
Extracting the Essence of the Sruti.. The Srutisārasamuddharanam of Totakācārya Michael Comans (Trans.), 1996 Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers xxvi + 122 pp., hb Rs 195, ISBN 81 208 1410 x 相似文献
The present study assessed the effect of teaching communicative gestures on the occurrence of self-injurious behavior and other behavior disorders with 14 individuals who are severely/ profoundly mentally retarded. Results show a statistically significant decrease of about 40% in self-injurious behavior as a collateral effect of an increased use of communicative gestures. Apart from a decrease in the occurrence of destructive behaviors, no other effects on other behavior disorders were found. Results are discussed in terms of the possible use of communicative gestures as a therapeutic supplement to standard procedures for decreasing self-injurious behavior with individuals who are nonverbal and mentally retarded. 相似文献
Confucianism and the Family. Walter H. Slote & George A. Devos, 1998, Albany, State University of New York Press, xiv + 390 pp.
Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia. Lawrence A. Babb & Susan S. Wadley (Eds), 1997, (1st edn, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, viii + 298 pp., hb Rs 295, ISBN 81 208 1448 7; pb Rs 195, ISBN 81 208 1453 3
Yoga. Discipline of freedom. The Yoga Sutra attributed to Patañjali (A translation of the text, with commentary, introduction and glossary of key words), Barbara Stoler Miller (Trans. & Ed.), 1996, Berkeley, University of California Press, xiv + 114 pp., ISBN 0 520 20190 6 相似文献
Test anxiety has received limited attention in personnel selection research, although it may impair the test performance of applicants. This paper describes the development and validation of a new two‐dimensional measure of applicants' test anxiety, namely the Self‐ versus Other‐Referenced Anxiety Questionnaire (SOAQ), that embeds worrisome cognitions of anxious applicants in the social evaluative context of ‘self’ (Self‐Referenced Anxiety) and ‘significant others’ (Other‐Referenced Anxiety). An exploratory factor analysis (calibration sample), followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (validation sample) and correlations with several proximal and distal theoretical constructs indicated satisfactory psychometric properties and construct validity for both SOAQ scales. Structural equation modeling further showed a differential impact of Self‐ and Other‐Referenced Anxiety on applicants' test performance within a real personnel selection context. The scientific and practical relevance of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
Research has suggested the importance of applicants' expectations of forthcoming selection procedures in predicting how applicants react to selection procedures. Validated measures of selection expectations are still scarce, however. This study reports on the validation of the Applicant Expectation Survey (AES), intended to measure applicants' expectations of forthcoming selection procedures. The AES was validated using three military applicant samples and showed sound psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, measurement invariance, discriminant validity) for a five‐factorial oblique structure consisting of 26 items. The five factors (i.e., Warmth/respect, Chance to demonstrate potential, Difficulty of faking, Unbiased assessment, Feedback) were positively related to several organizational outcome measures and to applicants' perceptions of the selection procedure, providing evidence for the predictive validity of the AES. 相似文献
The present study evaluated levels of instrumental and expressive traits and vulnerability to severe depression. A sample
of 44 depressed psychiatric patients (i.e., 22 currently depressed patients and 22 remitted depressed patients) completed
the Beck Depression Inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, a well-known personality measure that assesses masculinity
(i.e., instrumentality) and femininity (i.e., expressivity). Analyses revealed that currently depressed patients, relative
to the remitted depressed patients, had significantly lower levels of both instrumental and expressive traits. Overall, most
currently depressed patients were characterized by unhealthy, undifferentiated sex-role self-concepts (i.e., low levels of
masculinity and femininity) while the sex-role self-concepts of remitted depressed patients closely resembled those found
in nonclinical populations. The current results qualify recent research on the impact of depression on personality ratings
by suggesting that severe depression may contribute by lowering scores on self-report assessments of socially desirable personality
traits reflecting agentic, instrumental characteristics, and communal, expressive characteristics. 相似文献
In this study, tetrodotoxin (TTX) inactivation was employed to evaluate the involvement of the rat's basolateral amygdala (BLA) in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory using a place avoidance learning task. Rats were trained in single 30 min session to avoid a 60 degrees segment of the stable circular (80-cm diameter) arena, entering which was punished by a mild shock. Bilateral injections of TTX or saline were made either immediately, 1 or 2h after training. Retention was tested 24h later in a 30 min extinction session. Retention was impaired when both BLA inactivated immediately or 1h after training, but not 2h after training. These data indicate that activity in the BLA, at least 60 min after training, is necessary for the post-training processing of a hippocampus-dependent place avoidance memory. 相似文献