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21.
Komada Y Inoue Y Mizuno K Tanaka H Mishima K Sato H Shirakawa S 《Perceptual and motor skills》2006,103(2):307-317
This study examined the effect of acute simulated microgravity on nocturnal sleep, daytime vigilance, and psychomotor performance. Each of 7 volunteers were maintained for 3 days of head-down and horizontal bed rest in a counter-balanced design. Assessment measures were polysomnographic recordings on the first night and performance on psychophysiological tasks on the second day involving subjective and objective vigilance, P300, simple reaction time tasks, and dual performance tasks. No clear difference in sleep structure was observed between the head-down and horizontal conditions, except for a slight decrease in Stage 4 for head-down. Both subjective and objective daytime vigilance, P300, and the simple RT task showed no statistical difference, although tracking performance on the dual task showed deterioration at 10:00 for the head-down condition. These results suggest that nocturnal sleep, daytime vigilance, and psychophysiological functions were not disturbed in head-down sleep conditions, although there was a mild deterioration of higher attentional function in the morning. 相似文献
22.
This study provides Japanese normative measures for 359 line drawings, including 260 pictures (44 redrawn) taken from Snodgrass
and Vanderwart (1980). The pictures have been standardized on voice key naming times, name agreement, age of acquisition,
and familiarity. The data were compared with American, Spanish, French, and Icelandic samples reported in previous studies.
In general, the correlations between variables in the present study and those in the other studies were relatively high, except
for name agreement. Naming times were predicted in multiple regression analyses by name agreement. The full set of the norms
and the new pictures may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
23.
Idemaru K Holt LL 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(6):1939-1956
Speech processing requires sensitivity to long-term regularities of the native language yet demands listeners to flexibly adapt to perturbations that arise from talker idiosyncrasies such as nonnative accent. The present experiments investigate whether listeners exhibit dimension-based statistical learning of correlations between acoustic dimensions defining perceptual space for a given speech segment. While engaged in a word recognition task guided by a perceptually unambiguous voice-onset time (VOT) acoustics to signal beer, pier, deer, or tear, listeners were exposed incidentally to an artificial "accent" deviating from English norms in its correlation of the pitch onset of the following vowel (F0) to VOT. Results across four experiments are indicative of rapid, dimension-based statistical learning; reliance on the F0 dimension in word recognition was rapidly down-weighted in response to the perturbation of the correlation between F0 and VOT dimensions. However, listeners did not simply mirror the short-term input statistics. Instead, response patterns were consistent with a lingering influence of sensitivity to the long-term regularities of English. This suggests that the very acoustic dimensions defining perceptual space are not fixed and, rather, are dynamically and rapidly adjusted to the idiosyncrasies of local experience, such as might arise from nonnative-accent, dialect, or dysarthria. The current findings extend demonstrations of "object-based" statistical learning across speech segments to include incidental, online statistical learning of regularities residing within a speech segment. 相似文献
24.
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and the existence of role models among a sample of 36 female college students. Participants completed a questionnaire which included demographic questions, the Self-esteem Inventory, and questions concerning use of childhood and contemporary role models. Independent t-test results indicated that participants who reported having current role models had higher self-esteem scores than participants who did not, suggesting that role models may contribute to higher self-esteem in college-age women. No significant differences in self-esteem were by sex of the role model. 相似文献
25.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is unique among the current brain stimulation techniques because it is relatively non-invasive. TMS markedly differs from vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation and magnetic seizure therapy, all of which require either an implanted prosthesis or general anesthesia, or both. Since its rebirth in its modern form in 1985, TMS has already shown potential usefulness in at least three important domains-as a basic neuroscience research instrument, as a potential clinical diagnostic tool, and as a therapy for several different neuropsychiatric conditions. The TMS scientific literature has now expanded beyond what a single summary article can adequately cover. This review highlights several new developments in combining TMS with functional brain imaging, using TMS as a psychiatric therapy, potentially using TMS to enhance performance, and finally recent advances in the core technology of TMS. TMS' ability to non-invasively and focally stimulate the brain of an awake human is proving to be a most important development for neuroscience in general, and neuropsychiatry in particular. 相似文献
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28.
Predictors of Teens' Attitudes Toward Condoms: Gender Differences in the Effects of Norms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yuko Mizuno Brenda Seals May Kennedy Jaana Myllyluoma 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(7):1381-1395
Using data collected from a telephone survey of adolescents aged 15 to 19, we studied predictors of condom attitudes. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 348 sexually active teens. Multiple regression revealed that holding other variables constant being females, African American, perceiving that more of their friends were using condoms (i. e., perceived normative behavior). and stronger perceived normative pressure were significantly associated with favorable condom attitudes. Furthermore, significant interaction effects pointed to gender differences in the association between two types of norms and attitudes toward condoms. Perceived normative behavior had a greater effect on the attitudes of female adolescents. Perceived normative pressure had a greater effect on the attitudes of male adolescents. 相似文献
29.
Noelle E. Carlozzi Michael David Horner Samet Kose Kaori Yamanaka Alexander Mishory Qiwen Mu Ziad Nahas Sarah A. Wells Mark S. George 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(1):24-33
The relationship between reaction time and both state and trait personality variables was investigated in 37 participants
after 30 h of sleep deprivation. Regression analyses suggested that endorsement of greater Novelty Seeking, anger/hostility,
and depression/dejection, and less confusion, was associated with greater reaction time declines on one Multi-Attribute Task
Battery index after sleep deprivation. Further, greater Novelty Seeking and depression/dejection, and less vigor/activity,
was associated with greater reaction time declines after sleep deprivation on another Multi-Attribute Task Battery index.
Additional correlational analyses indicated that better reaction times were associated with greater Novelty Seeking and lower
anger/hostility prior to sleep deprivation, and less confusion/bewilderment following sleep deprivation. Findings suggest
that both state and trait personality variables are associated with reaction time performance following sleep deprivation. 相似文献
30.
Takehiko Nishimoto Takashi Ueda Kaori Miyawaki Yuko Une Masaru Takahashi 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(3):685-691
Our purpose in the present study is to provide a normative set of nonsensical pictures known as droodles and to demonstrate
the role of semantic comprehension in facilitating recall of pictorial stimuli. The set consists of 98 pairs of droodles.
Experiment 1 standardized these pictorial stimuli with respect to several variables, such as appropriateness of verbal labels,
relationship between two droodles, and correct recall. Appropriateness of verbal labels was rated higher for pictures presented
in pairs than for pictures presented singly. Experiment 2 used the standardized set of droodles in a recall experiment similar
to those of Bower, Karlin, and Dueck (1975) and others. As we expected, semantic interpretation can strongly facilitate recall.
Multiple regression analysis showed that several measures had significant power of explanation for recall performance. The
full set of norms and pictures from this article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献