职业决策情境中信任水平对建议采纳的影响*

研究应用“决策者-建议者系统”(Judge-Advisor System)经典研究范式,以62名大学生为被试,探讨了职业决策情境中信任水平、建议类型对建议采纳的影响。结果发现:(1)决策者的最终决策信心倾向于坚持原有信念;(2)信任水平的主效应及其与建议类型的交互作用对建议采纳主效应存在显著影响;(3)建议者信心对决策者的建议采纳权重具有正向预测作用,并削弱了信任对建议采纳权重的作用。这表明,在职业决策情境中,信任水平对决策者建议采纳权重的影响与建议者提供的建议类型(与决策者的初始决策是否一致),以及提供建议时的信心水平有关。     

任务无关积极情绪与时间限制对大学生风险决策的影响

利用日常生活决策任务,探讨了任务无关积极情绪和预支情绪与时间限制对风险决策的交互影响.研究结果表明:对于强调损失可能且意义重大的职业决策,积极情绪使个体表现出风险回避倾向,而时间限制通过影响个体的决策策略增强情绪状态对决策的影响作用.在无重大意义无损失可能的决策情境中,时间限制能降低个体的冒险倾向,而积极情绪通过促使个体夸大时间限制造成的压力,增强时间限制对风险决策的影响.     

多种感觉信息整合的认知与神经机制研究

我们通常利用多种感觉通道的信息对周围世界进行感知,如视觉、听觉、嗅觉、前庭感觉和本体感觉信息.为了确保对环境的正确感知,大脑必须把对同一物体特征进行表征的不同感觉信息整合成一致的、稳定的信息.以往的研究证实不同感觉信息之间是以统计最优化的模式结合的.文章首先综述了在贝叶斯理论的基础上建立起来的统计最优化模型以及其行为实验验证方法.然后,介绍了相关的神经成像研究结果和具有生理意义的神经网络模型.     

Country‐of‐Origin Influences on Product Evaluations: The Impact of Animosity and Perceptions of Industriousness Brutality on Judgments of Typical and Atypical Products

When a product's country of origin has a reputation for manufacturing high‐quality products, there may be a positive impact on product judgments. If people feel animosity toward a country as a result of its political or social policies, they may react negatively to the products it produces. These opposing effects may depend in part on the subset of country‐relevant knowledge that is accessible in memory at the time of judgment. When a product was not one on which Germany or Japan had built its reputation for manufacturing high‐quality products, associating the product with these countries increased its evaluations when industriousness had been activated as part of an unrelated experiment. However, when concepts associated with brutality had been primed, the product's country of origin had a negative effect on judgments. When the product was typical of those manufactured in the country, however, identifying its country of origin increased product evaluations regardless of whether industriousness or brutality had been primed. Thus, animosity toward a product's country of origin had an adverse effect on reactions to it only if the product was not one on which the country's reputation was based.     

Online shopping hesitation.

This study was designed to understand which factors influence consumer hesitation or delay in online product purchases. The study examined four groups of variables (i.e., consumer characteristics, contextual factors perceived uncertainty factors, and medium/channel innovation factors) that predict three types of online shopping hesitation (i.e., overall hesitation, shopping cart abandonment, and hesitation at the final payment stage). We found that different sets of delay factors are related to different aspects of online shopping hesitation. The study concludes with suggestion for various delay-reduction devices to help consumers close their online decision hesitation.     

从刘宗周对经典的诠释看明末新王学的发展

刘宗周依傍经典诠释提出"慎独说",建构出一套颇有新意的心体学理论.他劝导儒士读书治学,将求吾心与读经典有机联结成一体,并因"得心"之故,将朱子设计的读"四书"次第进行了改变,且重释了"虞廷十六字".通过深入解读《大学》《中庸》等文本,刘宗周又将"慎独"发挥为"诚意",提出二者互为本体工夫,在"心性归一"的理路中,大力倡...     

Hurricane Evacuation Expectations and Actual Behavior in Hurricane Lili1

This study compared respondents' hurricane evacuation expectations with their actual behavior 2 years later during Hurricane Lili. Respondents were found to have accurate expectations about their information sources, evacuation transportation modes, number of vehicles taken, and evacuation shelter types. They also had generally accurate expectations about the time it would take them to implement some, but not all, evacuation preparation tasks. These results extend contemporary attitude–behavior models by demonstrating a significant degree of correspondence between behavioral expectations and much later behavior under quite stressful conditions and suggest emergency planners can use many, but not all, aspects of coastal residents' evacuation expectations as a satisfactory basis for evacuation planning.     

藏传佛教造像量度经

藏传佛教美术发展历史悠久、源远流长,它不仅有独自发祥孕育,发展演绎,成形定性的清晰脉络和事物迹象,并以其自成体系的精湛技艺及其造型经典理论,从一个侧面构建着中华民族美术、尤其是东方美术的典型实体。藏传佛教造像的庄严妙好,基本上依赖于其严格的型制量度经典的延续承传,故“三经一疏”经典是使藏传佛教美术乃至藏民族传统美术的民族性、宗教性、地域性、历史性、审美性得以确立的重要因素。也是使藏族绘画、雕塑、建筑、书法、工艺美术诸方面构成实体性文化层、艺术高度和有机组成部分的基本法度。本文就藏传佛教美术造型量度的纲领性理论经典“三经一疏”:即《佛说造像量度经》、《造像量度经》、《画相》和《佛说造像量度经疏》的量度法则作了简要论述。     

Disembodiment in online social interaction: impact of online chat on social support and psychosocial well-being.

This study investigates how disembodiment--that is, transcendence of body constraints in cyberspace--in online chat affects social psychological well-being. The results demonstrate that disembodiment is a strong predictor of increased loneliness and depression, and decreased social support. However, the amount of chat use is a positive contributor to decreased offline estrangement and depression, and increased happiness. These contrasting results suggest that online chat use is a technology for social connection used for offline connectivity, but the disembodiment motive is associated with declines in social support and psychosocial well-being. The investigation of specified motives for online interaction, personal competency, or advanced technological alternatives in interaction is suggested for future research on the effects of online interaction on offline outcomes.     

Framing Charity Advertising: Influences of Message Framing,Image Valence,and Temporal Framing on a Charitable Appeal1

This study examined when and how charitable advertisements could be effective in the context of child poverty. An experiment investigated the influences of message framing, image valence, and temporal framing on a charitable appeal. The results indicate that image valence enhances framing effects on advertising effectiveness of a charitable appeal when the image is congruent with the framed message, especially when the image and the message are presented negatively. A short‐term temporal frame facilitates effects of a negatively framed message with a negative pictorial presentation. Alternatively, a long‐term temporal frame increases advertising influences of a positively framed message with a positive pictorial image. Relevance for information processing of charity advertising is discussed.