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211.
该研究探讨了幼儿园中、大班及小学一、二年级儿童在完成字/词意识任务上的年龄差异以及阅读训练对字/词意识发展的影响。实验结果表明:(1)5岁儿童的字词意识尚处于不断的发展之中。6岁及7岁儿童的字意识发展已经达到了成熟水平,但他们的词意识正处于不断的发展之中。(2)初级的阅读训练促进了5岁儿童字意识的发展,但对词意识的发展没有影响。(3)小学语文教学对6岁儿童的口头任务没有影响,但显著地促进了圈词任务成绩的提高。 相似文献
212.
本文所说的自然界中的神秘现象是指:那些不能或据说不能用已有的科学理论解释或很好解释的、令人困惑的自然界现象或者所声称的自然现象,它不包括人类自身和人类社会的神秘现象,因为本文所说的自然界是指狭义的自然界。所谓自然界的神秘现象是一个具有相对性的概念,某一时代 相似文献
213.
Preliminary evaluation of an after-school resistance training program for improving physical fitness in middle school-age boys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Faigenbaum AD McFarland JE Johnson L Kang J Bloom J Ratamess NA Hoffman JR 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,104(2):407-415
Most after-school physical activity programs for youth focus on aerobic games and activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an after-school resistance training program on improving the physical fitness of middle school-age boys. 22 boys (M = 13.9 yr., SD = .4 yr.) participated in a periodized, multiple-set, 9-wk. (2x/week) resistance training program. All subjects were pre- and post-tested on their 10-repetition maximum squat, 10-repetition maximum bench press, vertical jump, medicine ball toss, flexibility, and also percentage of body fat and the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER). Statistical analysis indicated that subjects significantly improved performance on the squat (19%), bench press (15%), flexibility (10%), vertical jump (5%), medicine ball toss (12%), and the PACER (36%). Although this design minus a control group limits interpretation, this after-school resistance-training program can improve muscular fitness and cardiovascular fitness in boys and should be replicated with appropriate experimental controls. 相似文献
214.
时间知觉的注意调节:一项ERP研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用双任务实验范式探讨时间知觉注意调节的动态过程。通过指导语使被试按照比例将注意分配到声音刺激的时间属性与音调属性上,形成对时间因素不同注意程度的五种注意条件,同时记录反应时、错误率和事件相关电位数据。对峰值分析发现,P2注意条件主效应不显著,但多重比较时T(只注意时间)与P(只注意音调)条件差异显著;对CNV平均波幅分析,发现注意条件主效应显著,随着分配在时间属性上的注意的减少,其波幅逐渐降低;对T与P条件的差异波地形图分析发现,波幅最大的区域位于额叶、中央区和顶叶;该差异波的偶极子定位于辅助运动区(额上回、额中回)和顶下小叶。以上结果表明,P2阶段存在时间信息加工;CNV反映时间知觉的注意调节,时间知觉中存在控制加工应该以CNV的出现为指标;辅助运动区可能为时间知觉的核心成分,具有跨通道效应;顶下小叶也与对时间的注意有关,但并不是特异性的。本研究不支持Lewis提出的 “自动”与“认知控制”计时系统理论中 “秒”为两系统分界点以及辅助运动区只属于“自动计时系统”的观点 相似文献
215.
Gail D. Heyman Xiao Pan Ding Genyue Fu Fen Xu Brian J. Compton Kang Lee 《Cognitive Science》2020,44(3):e12824
Starting in early childhood, children are socialized to be honest. However, they are also expected to avoid telling the truth in sensitive situations if doing so could be seen as inappropriate or impolite. Across two studies (total N = 358), the reasoning of 3- to 5-year-old children in such a scenario was investigated by manipulating whether the information in question would be helpful to the recipient. The studies used a reverse rouge paradigm, in which a confederate with a highly salient red mark on her nose asked children whether she looked okay prior to having her picture taken. In Study 1, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark was temporary and the confederate did not know it was there. In Study 2, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark could be concealed with makeup. These findings show that for children as young as age 3, decisions about whether to tell the truth are influenced by the likelihood that the information would be helpful to the recipient. 相似文献
216.
论文就独具特色的藏传佛教经文典籍木板雕刻的主要题材、雕版形制、材质加工、雕刻工艺、印制技术;藏文典籍经书封版的形制、构图、纹样装饰内涵、雕刻工艺特色;及经文页面装帧设计的形式三部份作了较全面的论述.从中折射出了藏民族勤劳智慧的创造能力,多姿多彩、自成体系的文化传统魅力和博大精深.光照千秋的悠久历史文明风采. 相似文献
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218.
Eye gaze plays a pivotal role during communication. When interacting deceptively, it is commonly believed that the deceiver will break eye contact and look downward. We examined whether children’s gaze behavior when lying is consistent with this belief. In our study, 7- to 15-year-olds and adults answered questions truthfully (Truth questions) or untruthfully (Lie questions) or answered questions that required thinking (Think questions). Younger participants (7- and 9-year-olds) broke eye contact significantly more when lying compared with other conditions. Also, their averted gaze when lying differed significantly from their gaze display in other conditions. In contrast, older participants did not differ in their durations of eye contact or averted gaze across conditions. Participants’ knowledge about eye gaze and deception increased with age. This knowledge significantly predicted their actual gaze behavior when lying. These findings suggest that with increased age, participants became increasingly sophisticated in their use of display rule knowledge to conceal their deception. 相似文献
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220.
利用信号检测论的方法对130名大学生的国家科技成就刻板印象进行研究。结果发现,被试对中国近现代及当代科技成就判断标准的自然对数值显著高于对中国古代、美国近现代及当代科技成就判断标准的自然对数值(p<0.001),同时,被试对中国古代、美国近现代及当代科技成就的判断标准自然对数值没有显著差异(p>0.05),从而证明了大学生群体中明显存在着国家科技成就刻板印象。进一步的含义表明,大学生对中国古代科技成就依然保持绝对的自信,对中国近现代及当代科技成就的自卑并没有显著改变。在被试对2005年中国科技竞争力在全球的排名进行估计时,高估的人数显著多于低估的人数(p<0.001),从而表明,大学生对中国当前及未来科技成就的自信心开始建立。 相似文献