抛开一线治疗的争论 采取个体化的降压治疗——解读最新欧洲高血压治疗指南

欧洲心脏病学会／欧洲高血压学会（ESC／ESH）于2007年公布了新的《高血压治疗指南》,新的指南主要围绕着近年来循证医学的证据,对高血压的控制目标以及治疗等方面提出了一些新的观点,并根据英国高血压治疗指南关于G阻滞剂的新观点,强调了个体化降压治疗的重要性,并指出G阻滞剂仍可作为高血压患者治疗的一线药物。     

AQAL模型及其心理学方法论意义

AQAL是美国著名心理学家肯.威尔伯(Ken Wilber)提出的整合研究模型。主张心理学应当拓展研究视野,涵盖主观性、客观性、主体间性、客体间性。认为该模型对解决目前心理学的分裂问题,促进各心理学分支的和谐共生,具有重要的方法论意义。分别讨论了AQAL模型的内涵、提出过程与评价及其心理学方法论意义。     

简论经济德性

经济德性不是经济和德性或经济和道德之间的简单、机械的相加,经济和德性或经济和道德正如一枚硬币的两面一样,是社会现象的两个方面.经济是人之经济,是人际关系之经济,它必然蕴含着生产责任意识、经营境界、经济行为规范和经济品质等德性内涵.而且,这些德性有着其他经济因素所不可替代的功能.     

道德悖论研究的价值与意义

以悖论的认知范式,伦理学界考辨既有道德规范的合理性,审思道德实践领域的认知困境,试图给出消解道德悖论的一般路径.道德悼论研究至少具有三重价值和意义:可以推动道德理论实现质变性创新;增添人们的道德智慧、化解道德实践悖境;转换道德认知方式、提升人们的道德悖论思维水平.     

论未成年人的生活德性

未成年人的生活德性是一种在本质上合乎未成年人人格成长的生成性德性.游戏启蒙未成年人的生活习性、童话构筑未成年人的精神家团.因此,还游戏、童话于未成年人的生活世界,引导和培植未成年人有德性的游戏习性和童话感悟,将成为加强和提高未成年人思想道德建设的有效实践途径.     

论抗震救灾伟大精神

在同特大地震灾害的艰苦搏斗中,我们的民族和人民展示出了十分崇高的精神.这就是万众一心、众志成城,不畏艰险、百折不挠,以人为本、尊重科学的伟大抗震救灾精神.中国特色社会主义的制度、改革开放30年经济的持续发展、优秀革命道德传统是抗震救灾伟大精神的政治、经济和伦理基础.以中华民族精神和社会主义道德为基本内涵的抗震救灾伟大精神,是民族文化最本质、最集中的体现.以公仆精神集中体现的行政伦理精神在抗震救灾中得以弘扬.成为抗震救灾伟大精神的重要组成部分.     

Visual pattern memory requires foraging function in the central complex of Drosophila

The role of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG), in food-search behavior in Drosophila has been intensively studied. However, its functions in other complex behaviors have not been well-characterized. Here, we show experimentally in Drosophila that the for gene is required in the operant visual learning paradigm. Visual pattern memory was normal in a natural variant rover (for(R)) but was impaired in another natural variant sitter (for(S)), which has a lower PKG level. Memory defects in for(S) flies could be rescued by either constitutive or adult-limited expression of for in the fan-shaped body. Interestingly, we showed that such rescue also occurred when for was expressed in the ellipsoid body. Additionally, expression of for in the fifth layer of the fan-shaped body restored sufficient memory for the pattern parameter "elevation" but not for "contour orientation," whereas expression of for in the ellipsoid body restored sufficient memory for both parameters. Our study defines a Drosophila model for further understanding the role of cGMP-PKG signaling in associative learning/memory and the neural circuit underlying this for-dependent visual pattern memory.     

Reversible disconnection of the hippocampal-prelimbic cortical circuit impairs spatial learning but not passive avoidance learning in rats

Wistar rats, treated with the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol, were used to investigate the role of the hippocampal-prelimbic cortical (Hip-PLC) circuit in spatial learning in the Morris water maze task, and in passive avoidance learning in the step-through task. In the water maze task, animals were trained for three consecutive days and tested 24 h after the end of training. In the step-through task, the animals were trained once and tested 24h after training. On the training days, daily infusion of muscimol (0.5 microg/0.25 microl) was given (1) bilaterally to the ventral hippocampus (vHip), (2) bilaterally to the prelimbic cortex (PLC), (3) to the unilateral vHip and the ipsilateral PLC, or (4) for disconnecting the Hip-PLC circuit, to both the unilateral vHip and the contralateral PLC 30 min before training. The results showed that inhibition of the vHip resulted in disruption of performance in both tasks. Inhibition of the PLC produced impaired water maze performance, but had no effect on the step-through task. Disconnection of the Hip-PLC circuit produced similar effects to PLC inhibition. However, simultaneous inhibition of the unilateral vHip and the ipsilateral PLC had little effect on performance of the water maze task. The results suggested that spatial learning depends on the Hip-PLC circuit, whereas passive avoidance learning is independent of this circuit.     

Personality traits and life satisfaction among online game players.

The DFC Intelligence predicts worldwide online game revenues will reach $9.8 billion by 2009, making online gaming a mainstream recreational activity. Understanding online game player personality traits is therefore important. This study researches the relationship between personality traits and life satisfaction in online game players. Taipei, Taiwan, is the study location, with questionnaire surveys conducted in cyber cafe shops. Multiple regression analysis studies the causal relationship between personality traits and life satisfaction in online game players. The result shows that neuroticism has significant negative influence on life satisfaction. Both openness and conscientiousness have significant positive influence on life satisfaction. Finally, implications for leisure practice and further research are discussed.     

Detecting impossible changes in infancy: a three-system account

Can infants detect that an object has magically disappeared, broken apart or changed color while briefly hidden? Recent research suggests that infants detect some but not other 'impossible' changes; and that various contextual manipulations can induce infants to detect changes they would not otherwise detect. We present an account that includes three systems: a physical-reasoning, an object-tracking, and an object-representation system. What impossible changes infants detect depends on what object information is included in the physical-reasoning system; this information becomes subject to a principle of persistence, which states that objects can undergo no spontaneous or uncaused change. What contextual manipulations induce infants to detect impossible changes depends on complex interplays between the physical-reasoning system and the object-tracking and object-representation systems.