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111.
The present study examined children's and adults' categorization and moral judgment of truthful and untruthful statements. 7‐, 9‐ and 11‐year‐old Chinese children and college students read stories in which story characters made truthful or untruthful statements and were asked to classify and evaluate the statements. The statements varied in terms of whether the speaker intended to help or harm a listener and whether the statement was made in a setting that called for informational accuracy or politeness. Results showed that the communicative intent and setting factors jointly influence children's categorization of lying and truth‐telling, which extends an earlier finding (Lee & Ross, 1997) to childhood. Also, we found that children's and adults' moral judgments of lying and truth‐telling were influenced by the communicative intent but not the setting factor. The present results were discussed in terms of Sweetser's (1987) folkloristic model of lying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
112.
问卷长度与作答型式的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从心理计量的观点来看,作答型式对心理测验及研究采用的问卷的信度和效度,均会构成严重威协。本文介绍了一些常见的作答型式及用来控制作答型式的传统统计方法。随后,我们指出由于这些传统统计方法都预先假定作答型式是稳定不变的,其效度便有疑问了;因为本文报告的研究证实了随着问卷长度的递增,作答型式会趋于刻板和不极端。因此,我们建议研究者在设计研究时,应尽量避免使用冗长的问卷。 相似文献
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Kelly DJ Quinn PC Slater AM Lee K Gibson A Smith M Ge L Pascalis O 《Developmental science》2005,8(6):F31-F36
Adults are sensitive to the physical differences that define ethnic groups. However, the age at which we become sensitive to ethnic differences is currently unclear. Our study aimed to clarify this by testing newborns and young infants for sensitivity to ethnicity using a visual preference (VP) paradigm. While newborn infants demonstrated no spontaneous preference for faces from either their own- or other-ethnic groups, 3-month-old infants demonstrated a significant preference for faces from their own-ethnic group. These results suggest that preferential selectivity based on ethnic differences is not present in the first days of life, but is learned within the first 3 months of life. The findings imply that adults' perceptions of ethnic differences are learned and derived from differences in exposure to own- versus other-race faces during early development. 相似文献
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采用LLTM作测量与认知结合研究的初步探讨 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
心理测量学与认知心理学相结合是新型测验理论和测验设计的核心思想。这两者的结合需要理论证实的认知加工模型和基于现代测验理论之上的测量模型,本文以空间认知能力的加工过程为例,通过心理学的实证研究,探索了心理测量学与认知心理学相结合的切入点及理论模型。 相似文献
117.
Reappraisal and distraction, unlike suppression, are known to decrease the intensity of negative emotion in the short term. Little is known about long-term characteristics associated with emotion regulation strategies, however. In a longitudinal study, we examined the relation between the strategies people reported using to regulate emotions during a stressful situation and their later memory for their emotions. Students in Italy rated the intensity of positive and negative emotions they were experiencing as they prepared for their high school exit exam. They also rated the extent to which they were regulating emotion using reappraisal, distraction, and suppression. Six weeks later, students recalled their pre-exam emotions. The more students reported engaging in reappraisal before the exam, the more they overestimated positive emotion and underestimated negative emotion when recalling their experience. The association between reported reappraisal and memory bias was partially mediated by positive changes over time in students' appraisals of the exam preparation experience. Reports of engaging in distraction and suppression were not associated with memory bias. Because remembered emotion guides future choices, these findings suggest that reappraisal is a highly adaptive strategy for coping with stressful situations, not only in the short run, but also in the long run. 相似文献
118.
Ronald D. Taylor Elizabeth I. Lopez Mia Budescu Rebecca Kang McGill 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):474-485
Association of socially demanding kin relations, mother’s emotional support, behavioral control/monitoring, family organization
and psychological control with adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed in 200 economically disadvantaged,
African American mothers and adolescents. Demanding kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated
with adolescent’s internalizing problems. Demanding kin relations also moderated the association of control/monitoring, family
organization, and psychological control, with internalizing. For mothers with more demanding kin relations, increased control/monitoring
was associated with increased adolescent internalizing. In comparison, increased control/monitoring was associated with decreased
adolescent internalizing for mothers with less demanding kin relations. Negative association of family organization with internalizing
was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less demanding kin relations. Positive association of mother’s psychological
control with internalizing was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less socially demanding kin relations. Demanding
kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated with adolescent’s externalizing problems. Mother’s
emotional support and family organization were negatively associated with externalizing. Also, negative association of family
organization with externalizing was more apparent for families with more compared to less demanding kin relations. The need
for research on the factors associated with negative relation with kin was discussed. 相似文献
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This study investigates the mechanisms that explain why person–organization (PO) fit impacts organizational attraction. Adopting Edwards and Cable’s (2009) approach, an integrative model is developed around the idea that experiencing value congruence during the recruitment process perpetuates certain expectations about future work environments and employer relationships. These expectations in turn have a positive impact on organizational attraction. Evidence from a longitudinal study on a sample of job seekers suggests that expected opportunities for value expression and need fulfillment offered the most viable explanations of value congruence effects. The implications of important observed differences in the experience of PO fit between job seekers and full-time employees are discussed. 相似文献