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131.
Children's ability to transfer what they learn in one situation to analogous problems was examined in a series of four studies. Subjects ranged in age from 3 to 10 years. The problems involved novel uses of familiar tools or simple biological themes such as mimicry as a method of defence. The data suggest that the apparent transfer reluctance shown by children in previous studies is the result of what they have been required to learn and the conditions under which they have been required to learn it. In the present studies, children as young as 3 years transferred readily if the problem domain was one they understood and engaged in, and if the traditional laboratory paradigm was modified so as to promote transfer rather than just to test for its spontaneous occurrence. 相似文献
132.
Although substantial research has been conducted on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) over the past decade, the syndrome remains poorly understood. The most recent case definition describes CFS as being characterized both by disabling fatigue and by subjective reports of difficulty with concentration and short-term memory. However, research into the neurocognitive and psychological functioning of individuals with CFS has provided mixed objective results. The current paper reviews studies that have examined the neurocognitive and/or psychological functioning of individuals with CFS. Changes in research design and instruments employed to study individuals with CFS are suggested. 相似文献
133.
134.
In the total population of 75 subjects, the skin albedo correlated significantly with skin resistance, a relationship which was not maintained when the total population was separated into its component subgroups of whites, blacks and Indians. The Indians, “anthropologically Caucasians” but skin color more akin to the blacks, exhibited mean skin reflectance and skin resistance intermediate to that obtained in the black and white groups respectively. Other differences and significant correlations between the autonomic functions in the three groups indicated a higher level of sympathetic tone in the Indians, although this could be attributed to the older age of this group. It was suggested from the results that skin color rather than race has a greater influence on skin resistance. 相似文献
135.
136.
Robert Kane 《The Journal of Ethics》2000,4(4):431-432
Volume Contents
Contents of Volume 4 相似文献137.
Robert Kane 《Philosophical Studies》2017,174(10):2479-2488
Nichols’ Bound presents interesting new angles on traditional debates about free will and moral responsibility, relating them to the latest empirical research in psychology, social sciences and experimental philosophy. In experimental philosophy, he cites numerous recent studies showing that there are strong incompatibilist strands in folk intuitions about free will and responsibility, taking issue with other recent studies claiming that folk intuitions are predominantly compatibilist. But he also argues that incompatibilist folk intuitions are based on faulty reasoning and cannot be realized. We are left with a choice between an eliminativism about free will and moral responsibility (free will skepticism) or revising ordinary beliefs and practices in a compatibilist direction. Though Nichols sees problems with both these positions, he ultimately opts for the latter. Despite agreeing with Nichols on many points, I argue in this paper that he takes the libertarian view of free will off the table too precipitously, leaving us with too narrow a choice of options. I argue that we can make sense of an incompatibilist view of free will and responsibility without reducing it to mere chance or mystery and that it remains an open scientific question whether we can have such a free will. 相似文献
138.
Although a developing body of literature suggests that depressive symptoms in fathers are related to child psychopathology,
little evidence suggests that paternal depression plays a unique role in children’s symptoms. We used a high-risk design involving
children of mothers with and without histories of depression to test the unique mediating role of father–child conflict in
the relations between fathers’ depressive symptoms and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. In all regression analyses,
mothers’ history of depression and current depressive symptoms were controlled. Depressive symptoms in fathers were associated
with child externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and father–child conflict. Father–child conflict mediated relations between
fathers’ depressive symptoms and child externalizing symptoms above and beyond the effects of maternal depression history
and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that negative interpersonal consequences of parental depression on child psychopathology
may not be limited to mothers. 相似文献
139.
Jennifer C. McVay Michael J. Kane Thomas R. Kwapil 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(5):857-863
In an experience-sampling study that bridged laboratory, ecological, and individual-differences approaches to mind-wandering
research, 72 subjects completed an executive-control task with periodic thought probes (reported by McVay & Kane, 2009) and
then carried PDAs for a week that signaled them eight times daily to report immediately whether their thoughts were off task.
Subjects who reported more mind wandering during the laboratory task endorsed more mind-wandering experiences during everyday
life (and were more likely to report worries as off-task thought content). We also conceptually replicated laboratory findings
that mind wandering predicts task performance: Subjects rated their daily-life performance to be impaired when they reported
off-task thoughts, with greatest impairment when subjects’ mind wandering lacked metaconsciousness. The propensity to mind
wander appears to be a stable cognitive characteristic and seems to predict performance difficulties in daily life, just as
it does in the laboratory 相似文献
140.
Recent research has recognized that many people simultaneously hold positive and negative attitudes about important political issues. This paper reviews the concept of attitudinal ambivalence and introduces a survey measure of ambivalence adapted from the experimental literature. An analysis of two statewide telephone surveys of Florida voters reveals that (1) a number of voters have ambivalent attitudes about abortion rights; (2) the amount of ambivalence varies according to the circumstances (elective versus traumatic) under which an abortion is obtained; (3) ambivalence about elective abortions is essentially unrelated to ambivalence about traumatic abortions; (4) voters who support abortion rights are more ambivalent about elective abortions than about traumatic abortions, whereas the pattern is reversed for abortion rights opponents; and (5) extreme views in support of or opposition to abortion rights can sometimes mitigate the amount of ambivalence felt by voters. 相似文献