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Ringdahl JE Winborn LC Andelman MS Kitsukawa K 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2002,35(4):407-410
The effects of noncontingently available alternative stimuli on functional analysis outcomes were evaluated for 2 individuals. Results suggested that noncontingent access to preferred items resulted in reduced levels of attention-maintained behavior. The results are interpreted in terms of establishing operations. 相似文献
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Ringdahl JE Kitsukawa K Andelman MS Call N Winborn L Barretto A Reed GK 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2002,35(3):291-294
We evaluated a differential-reinforcement-based treatment package for the reduction of problem behavior during instructional situations. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA; compliance) was implemented across two conditions. During one condition, instructions were presented approximately once every other minute. This condition was considered the terminal goal for treatment. During the second condition, the rate of instructions was gradually increased (beginning at zero and ending when instruction rate was similar to the first condition). Results indicated that DRA with instructional fading resulted in less problem behavior than DRA without instructional fading. These results are similar to previous studies regarding the utility of instructional fading. 相似文献
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