Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics

In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology, connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.

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初中生感戴和主观幸福感的干预研究

该研究通过开设班级辅导和“列举恩惠”活动,采用不同的干预方式对初一年级学生进行感戴干预研究,考察不同感戴干预方式对主观幸福感的影响。结果显示：实验班1学生在感戴、生活满意度、积极情感方面的提高水平高于实验班2和控制班;实验班2学生在感戴、生活满意度、积极情感方面的提高水平高于控制班。因此得出结论：班级辅导和“列举恩惠”活动相结合的干预方式与仅采用“列举恩惠”活动的干预方式都可以提高学生感戴和主观幸福感,但是前者比后者的效果好。     

内在三一和经世三一——论卡尔·巴特和T.F.托伦斯的三位一体神学

本文讨论了现代基督教三位一体神学的巴特和托伦斯的基本框架.从三个方面阐释了其上帝观的基本内容(1)自我启示的上帝与内在三一/经世三一的关系;(2)内在三一/经世三一和homoousia(本质同一)的关系;(3)现代基督教上帝观与古典基督教上帝观的视界融合.     

抑郁倾向的绘画诊断研究

通过问卷、绘画测验和回归分析,8项绘画特征被验证能够有效反映神经症抑郁倾向.根据这些绘画特征建立的回归方程经检验具有中等的解释效果.同时,评分者一致性程度较高.研究结果表明,通过"房子树人绘画测验",能够建立对神经症抑郁倾向进行有效测量的临床诊断工具.     

社会资本的属性及其在集体行动中的运作逻辑——以一个维权运动个案为例

本文力图揭示社会资本的本质属性及其在中国城市街区集体行动中的运作逻辑.研究表明社会资本可能起源于社区成员面临共同压力所产生的集体合作需求、市民组织、正义感,以及人力资本等;其"存量"变化与集体行动的形势有关.强、弱联系对于社会资本生产都很重要.国家不同部分对社区社会资本的生产也具有不同影响.社会资本的本质是中性的,既可能有益于也可能有害于社区的集体利益和发展.除了检视普通维权市民之间的粘合社会资本或水平联系的作用外,本文重点强调了链接社会资本或垂直联系的功能.这种对于社会资本属性和功能的多维度检视有助于我们对社会资本在城市基层政治场域中运行逻辑及其后果的理解.     

多参照系条件下信息获取方式对绝对方位判断的影响

把参照系整合基础上的绝对方位判断分解成路径获取过程（目标位置信息）、自身定向过程（前行方向信息）和物体定位过程（目标物体相对于参照物体的方位信息）,系统地考察了多参照系条件下信息获取方式对该任务的影响。研究以视觉形式呈现空间信息,实验1a和1b的任务中均包括上述三个过程,前者以地图的形式呈现前行方向信息、后者以语词的形式直接呈现前行方向信息;实验2有两个任务,分别独立于路径描述（定位后判断）和自身定位（定向后判断）。所有任务均为目标位置（R0o－前、R45o－左前/右前、R90o－左/右、R135o－左后/右后, R180o－后）×前行方向（北、东南西、斜方向）的组内设计、因变量为正确率和判断时间为主,共有64名大学生被试（男女各半）参与实验。发现：0o和180o位置优势效应、朝北优势效应在所有任务中都很明显;实验1和定向后判断任务中存在正方向R90o位置优势效实;定位后判断时间短于定向后判断时间,但总体所用时间上没有差异。结合信息获取的方式和可能使用到的判断策略,从绝对方位判断的认知结构上展开了讨论。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Viktor Žirmunskij and German</Emphasis> Mundartforschung

German dialect geography developed, inter alia, as a means to compensate the shortcomings of the Young Grammarians’ approach to language. In contrast to the latter, it was conceived of to be a sociolinguistic project, constituting thereby one link between the development of Soviet and German linguistics. The article tries to answer such questions as who initially participated in transferring ideas of German dialectology to the Soviet Union and what kind of motivations underlay those transfers. Combining biographical facts with systematic aspects, the article surveys the filiations of some productive ideas with the help of archival sources, i.e. letters of the Soviet scholars Dinges (1891–1932) and Viktor Žirmunskij (1891–1971). Finally, I try to single out the elements in Žirmunskij dialect geography, which are specifically sociolinguistic.

2008年宗教界人士迎春茶语会在京举行

2008年2月2日,中共中央统战部、全国政协民宗委、国家宗教事务局共同主办的"2008年宗教界人士迎春茶话会"在国家宗教事务局银安殿举行.中共中央统战部常务副部长朱维群,全国政协民宗委副主任黄璜,全国政协副秘书长蒋作君,国家宗教事务局局长叶小文、副局长王作安、齐晓飞、蒋坚永等有关方面领导和五大宗教全国性团体负责人近百人出席了茶活会.     

Do captive mandrills invent new gestures?

Studies of intraspecific behavioral variability have documented cases where behaviors are present in some populations or groups but are absent in others. In some cases these differences cannot be explained by recourse to environmental or genetic variation, and may instead represent “traditions”. Despite many examples of animal traditions in acoustic communication, relatively few examples exist of gestural traditions. Here I report on a study of communication across eight captive groups of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in which a prominent gesture (Hand extension) was unique to two groups. Habitat variability, genetic differences, and sampling bias were not sufficient to account for the gesture’s limited distribution across the study groups. Within the two groups where the gesture did occur only the juveniles in the group performed it, consistently directing it toward adults. Quantitative analysis of the contexts and responses associated with the gesture suggested that juveniles utilized it to provoke adults. Moreover, the gesture appeared to minimize the risk juveniles incurred while inciting adults, suggesting that repeated social interactions shaped the gesture’s form. Interestingly, both the groups where the gesture emerged contained few juveniles. With limited play partners, these juveniles may have resorted to harassing adults as an alternative social play outlet. The creation of this novel gesture may thus be due to the combined influence of a shortage of play partners and of the increased free time for playful social exploration afforded by captivity. Although juveniles frequently “eavesdropped” on dyadic interactions involving the gesture and would subsequently initiate an interaction with the recipient of the gesture, there was no definitive evidence for social transmission; the gesture could instead have been independently invented by each juvenile. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.