留守儿童心理健康状况影响因素分析及对策思考

留守儿童是一个需要予以高度重视的群体,其心理健康问题检出率较高,心理健康状况令人堪忧;其心理问题是学校、社会、父母、监护人与留守儿童自身等多种因素交互作用的产物;通过多元互动,即加强社区、学校、父母、监护人与留守儿童的互动,可促进留守儿童心理健康发展。     

论医院管理体制变革与医师的优化培养

当代中国医院具有企业特征,其管理体系和医师培养机制亟需改革以适应患者的健康需求。以此为宗旨,首先阐述了马克思主义正义观的概念,论证了其在经济管理领域的普适性,进而通过对现代企业主流管理制度——泰罗制和科层制的源流及本地化分析,提出转型期中国企业应依据马克思主义正义观对泰罗制、科层制体系进行改革。最后,从海尔公司终结科层制的商业案例入手,引入医学工程方法,分别阐述医院管理和医师培养机制的具体改革方案。     

基于先秦两汉涉医简帛文献的早期形神思想研究

战国清华简《五纪》将三十位神祇与人体各部位进行结合,是目前中医形神思想最初的模型。马王堆帛书《胎产书》以五行理论,阐述母体受孕后胎儿逐月发育,体现了早期中医对于胚胎发育的认识。张家山《脉书》提出“实四肢而虚五脏”的观点,是西汉医者对身心健康的独特理解。张家山《引书》中“春生夏长秋收冬藏”的“彭祖之道”,是《黄帝内经》“调神”思想的源头之一。天回医简《逆顺五色脉臧验精神》是目前唯一以“精神”为题名的一部出土医书,其记载“太上石神”之论,与《黄帝内经》“一曰治神”的思想高度一致。

     

Correlates of Sexual Aggression Among Male University Students

Eighty-six male undergraduate university students in Canada participated in a study of the relation between sexual aggression and the variables of sex role stereotyping, fraternity affiliation, participation in athletics, hostility toward women, aggressive drive, aggressive attitude, alcohol use, and masculinity. Multiple regression analysis identified physical aggression, sex role stereotyping, and fraternity affiliation as best predictors of sexual aggression.     

Responses to the ELCA “Draft social statement on women and justice”

Social statements are social teaching and policy documents in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Created by task forces composed of ELCA members and supported by ELCA churchwide staff members, social statements are developed through a series of participatory steps. Contributors in this work share their feedback on the “Draft Social Statement on Women and Justice” with the task force as part of the process to create a proposed social statement for an assembly vote.     

教师的教学自主权与工作满意度的关系:教学自主性的中介作用

以北京、河北、宁夏、广东等地24所中小学923名中小学教师为被试,采取教学自主权量表、教学自主性量表、教师工作满意度量表,探讨了教师的教学自主权、教学自主性与工作满意度之间的关系。研究结果发现:(1)教学自主权与教学自主性均可显著预测教师工作满意度;(2)教学自主性在教学自主权与教师工作满意度之间起着完全中介作用,即教学自主权通过教师的教学自主性,对教师工作满意度有正向预测作用。     

Supervisor Reactions to Avoidance Job Crafting: The Role of Political Skill and Approach Job Crafting

Avoidance job crafting refers to employees proactively changing work boundaries by reducing tasks and/or interactions with others. Although avoidance job crafting may help employees to address work demands, if noticed by others, specifically supervisors, it may trigger negative reactions from them. While previous research posits that job crafting is largely unnoticed by supervisors, using a dyadic supervisor-employee study (N = 141 dyads), we found that supervisors were in fact aware of their employees’ avoidance job crafting, which related to a reduction in supervisor support. This relationship was moderated by employee political skill (but not approach job crafting), such that high avoidance job crafting in combination with high political skill resulted in fewer negative outcomes, presumably because supervisors were less likely to notice their employees’ avoidance job crafting. In a second, vignette study (N = 92 supervisors), we experimentally replicated the relation between observed avoidance job crafting and negative supervisor reactions, and found that this relation can be explained by supervisors perceiving avoidance job crafting as destructive work behavior. Our findings introduce the supervisor perspective to the job crafting literature and highlight the importance of engaging in avoidance job crafting in a skillful way that aligns with the external context.     

Out of mind,out of sight? Investigating abnormal face scanning in autism spectrum disorder using gaze‐contingent paradigm

Diminished social motivation is hypothesized to explain abnormal face scanning pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially reduced eye‐looking time in ASDs than typically developing (TD) people. Here, we tested an alternative explanation that children with ASD may use a compensatory strategy to avoid direct eye contact by processing the eyes through peripheral vision. We compared the face scanning patterns of children with and without ASD in two conditions: in the clear condition, the face was completely visible; in the blur condition, by using the gaze‐contingent paradigm, the whole face was blurred except for a small region being fixated at, thus children could not rely on the peripheral information to process the eyes. We found that children with ASD fixated less on the eyes than TD children in both conditions. Temporal‐course analyses further revealed the possible motivation‐based guidance of attention to process the eyes in the TD group but not in the ASD group. Additionally, we found that children with ASD scanned faces more randomly and less strategically than TD children. These results have ruled out the alternative hypothesis that the abnormal face scanning pattern in ASDs was due to their compensatory strategy to process eyes through peripheral vision, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their abnormal face scanning.