学前儿童视、触大小知觉实验研究

本实验探讨了3—6岁学前儿童的视、触大小知觉的发展规律及视、触不同感觉道在大小知觉中的相互作用。结果表明:无论哪一个年龄组的儿童均以“视—视”条件的大小知觉结果最优,其次是“触—触”条件的结果,而“视—触”及“触—视”的结果均较差。本文结果否定了认为交叉感觉道(“视—触”、“触—视”)对大小知觉的辨别与单一感觉道(“视—视”,“触—触”)没有差异的看法。实验结果还表明了,学前儿童的视、触大小知觉有其发展变化的特点。单一感觉道(视—视”,“触—触”)的大小知觉的准确性随着年龄的增长而提高;交叉(不同)感觉道(“视—触”,“触—视”)的大小知觉的准确性在5岁阶段为高峰期,6岁后便开始有所下降。     

五代、两宋十六罗汉图像的配置与信仰

五代、两宋时期的十六罗汉图像呈现出较为清晰的配置演变过程,从最初与释迦佛或释迦三尊组合,到与三佛、观音组合,再以独立形式呈现,十六罗汉图像体现出了由组合向独立,由单一向多元的转换特征。究其原因,与信众对罗汉信仰诉求的侧重点变迁有着密切联系,同样也是时代变革下不同社会面貌的具体反映。     

Turning Daily Time Pressure into a Creative Day: The Interactionist Roles of Employee Neuroticism and Time Pressure Dispersion

The purpose of this study was to explore under which circumstances daily time pressure is positively related to daily creativity. Building on resource allocation and uncertainty theory, it is argued that highly neurotic individuals’ creativity, relative to their emotionally stable counterparts, is more strongly enhanced by daily time pressure. This effect, however, should only emerge in instances of highly consistent daily time pressure over time. To test this model, a diary study was conducted spanning over five subsequent working days. The sample consisted of 250 individuals with 1,156 daily measurement points. As expected, neuroticism and dispersion of time pressure over time jointly moderated the relationship between daily time pressure and daily creativity. The relationship was positive and significant only when individuals ranked high in neuroticism and dispersion of time pressure was low. The results of this study suggest that under certain circumstances, neurotic individuals are able to realise more gains from increased time pressure compared to their emotionally stable counterparts.     

项目的激活强度与元记忆判断

本实验采用不同于国外由Ｈａｒｔ首创的ＦＯＫ（Ｆｅｅｌｌｉｎｇ－ｏｆ－Ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ）研究方法的新方法──模糊再认判断法（Ｆｕｚｚｙ－Ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎｊｕｄｇｅｍｅｎｔ,简称ＦＲ）来研究无记忆判断及其产生机制．实验中安排了范畴判断与字词识记相结合,造成四种不同激活强度的字词,让被试对其进行ＦＲ判断,并用迫选再认作为标准测验进行验证．结果表明,范畴判断的语义激活增强了字词的激活强度,从而影响ＦＲ判断的等级．识记项目的激活强度愈高,相应的ＦＲ判断等级也愈高．