国际多中心药物临床试验中伦理审查的问题与对策——以广州医学院第一附属医院为例

通过分析近三年来56例国际多中心药物临床试验伦理审查项目,总结分析常见的问题为试验版本与主办国家规定有出入;知情同意书经过翻译后存在较大的理解偏差;临床试验样本转移潜在风险;补偿标准较随意;不同单位间伦理审查意见不统一等,并有针对性地提出建议,实施严格、规范的伦理审查,进而在保证临床试验的科学性的同时最大限度地保障受试者的权益。     

A study on purchasing behavior of teenagers in Taiwan: example of counterfeit goods

This study has established a relationship model encompassing such aspects as consumer values, consumer involvement, purchase behavior, and consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, taking counterfeit goods as an example, this study employs factor analysis, reliability analysis, and the structural equation model to verify the relationship between the research aspects. Another major discovery of this study was that teenagers' behavioral purchasing mentality is graphic, hyperlinked, and is geared toward useful situations and functional needs. When they consider their degree of need, they inevitably incorporate many emotional needs. However, their attitude toward counterfeit goods is rational, which is confirmed by the fact that Hypothesis 1 was not supported.     

On the choice between reform and revolution∗

The concepts of social transformation, reform, and revolution are characterized. A typology of revolutions is given and revolutions of the appropriate type are compared with reforms. It is argued that reform and revolution are on a continuum and that there are social transformations that with equal propriety could be called ‘a cluster of radical reforms’ or ‘a revolution’. What is sensibly at issue concerning the choice between reform or revolution is whether in bourgeois democracies it is more reasonable to adopt the piecemeal reformist tactics of liberal reformers or whether a commitment to a revolutionary overthrow of the established order is justified. Arguments for both positions are examined and it is concluded that no general non‐contextual answer can be given.     

中国文化心理学视界下的音乐实质探究

从中国语言的词源上看,音乐中的"乐(yuè)"通快乐的"乐(lè)",它们都源自于"鼓",而鼓声能够令人兴奋、情绪激昂,因此,中国文化中的音乐的原初含义有"令人振奋、快乐"的声音和人在振奋、快乐时表达这种心情的声音两层意思。后来这两层含义延伸为"动情"即激发人的情感或心理感染和"传情"或"达情"即表达人的情感。基于此,创作好的音乐作品或评判一个音乐作品的好坏,要看它是否具有"言志"、"激励人或令人振奋"、"表达情感"和"培养或锻造人的积极情感或心理品质"的作用。     

The Relationship between Cultural Identification,Family Socialization and Adolescent Alcohol Use among Native American Families

The enculturation or teaching of Native American traditions to Native American adolescents has been incorporated into substance-use prevention interventions in recent decades; yet, little is known about how enculturation may impact substance use through family socialization. The current study aimed to test the relationship between family identification with Native American culture and alcohol use among Native American families residing on or near a reservation, and determine if this relationship was mediated by family socialization practices. To achieve this aim, data (n? =?2368) collected as part of the NIDA-funded Drug Use among Young American Indians was used. No direct relationship was found between identification with Native American culture and alcohol use. Native American culture had an indirect effect on substance use through family communication and parental monitoring, such that a higher identification with Native American culture was associated with more communication and less monitoring, which were associated with drinking behavior. Findings reveal that identification with Native American culture may be related to family socialization, a relationship that could be important to address when designing alcohol-use prevention interventions for this population.     

自我损耗促进冲动决策：来自行为和ERPs的证据

该研究以自我控制资源模型为理论框架, 采用行为实验和ERPs技术考察自我损耗对冲动决策的影响。实验1采用Stroop任务操纵自我控制资源并采用延迟折扣任务考察被试的决策冲动性, 实验2采用同样的实验任务并同时采用ERPs技术记录高、低自我损耗者在随后决策任务中的脑电成分。行为结果发现, 在控制心境、特质自我控制水平以及风险偏好等无关变量后, 高损耗者比低损耗者在延迟折扣任务上的折扣程度更大。ERPs结果发现, 不论延迟金额大小, 高损耗者在左侧额区诱发的N1波幅显著小于低损耗者; 高损耗者在右半球诱发的P2波幅显著大于低损耗者。研究表明, 自我损耗抑制决策早期左侧额区的激活水平, 个体因而无法识别冲突以及抵制即时满足的诱惑, 这促使他们采用直觉启发式进行决策, 最终导致冲动决策的产生。     

Xunzi: A Paradigm of Rationalistic Virtue Ethics in Early Confucianism

Against the background of modern academic study, this article consciously uses Aristotle’s virtue ethics as a tool to theoretically analyze Xunzi’s ethical philosophy. This article tries to briefly analyze the basic structure of Xunzi’s moral philosophy and to reveal its unique rationalist theoretical character by exploring the following three topics: “the understanding of human beings,” “the establishment of a moral foundation,” and “the accomplishment of virtue in practice.” From the perspective of comparative philosophy, this article can also be viewed as a model for bringing about communication and synthesis between two philosophical traditions, namely Confucian ethics and Western virtue ethics.     

假性甲状旁腺功能减退症的研究进展

假性甲状旁腺功能减退症是一种罕见的遗传性疾病,由甲状旁腺激素(PTH)抵抗所致.临床特点有低钙高磷血症、血清PTH升高,部分可表现为Albright遗传性骨营养不良症,并伴有多发激素抵抗.分子遗传学研究表明本症与编码Gs蛋白α亚基(Gsα)的GNAS1基因缺陷相关.Gsα的失活性突变导致AHO畸形,而多发激素抵抗可能是由于组织特异性的GNAS1印记缺陷所致.补充钙剂和活性维生素D是有效的治疗方法,基因治疗是未来的研究方向.