血液的法律属性及其侵权责任归责原则刍议——兼论《侵权责任法》中“不合格血液”问题

通过对血液法律属性的法理分析,得出血液归属于产品或非产品均有可能不利于衡平各方权益的结论。立足《侵权责任法》等法律基础,分析责任归责原则,认为在严格责任原则基础上,适当考虑公平责任原则,可以较好地解决血液法律属性分歧所带来的司法困惑,能有效维护各方权益。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Jeong-han</Emphasis> as a Korean Culture-Bound Narcissism: Dealing with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jeong-han</Emphasis> Through <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jeong</Emphasis>-Dynamics

This article explores a Korean culture-bound emotion called jeong-han, which shares similarities with narcissism and depression in terms of causes, formation processes, emotions, cognitions, and neurotic sufferings. This article has three main goals: 1) to report and describe the presence and experience of jeong-han among contemporary Koreans; 2) to compare jeong-han with narcissism and depression; and 3) to suggest an effective way of dealing with jeong-han through jeong-dynamics. In order to effectively help people with jeong-han both in counseling and ministry settings, providing jeong and facilitating jeong-dynamics in a small group or community setting can be helpful.     

从科学认识的过程看中药指纹图谱技术的发展历程

中药指纹图谱是一种通过色谱峰反映中药成分和综合效应的分析手段,具有整体性和稳定性的特点,能较全面地反映中药的质量,现已成为现代中药质控的发展趋势。但其研究仍属初级阶段,如何准确地解析“谱”与“效”的关系及减少中药质量的不稳定性对图谱构建的影响,尚待进一步探索与研究。     

The Set of Fear Inducing Pictures (SFIP): Development and validation in fearful and nonfearful individuals

Emotionally charged pictorial materials are frequently used in phobia research, but no existing standardized picture database is dedicated to the study of different phobias. The present work describes the results of two independent studies through which we sought to develop and validate this type of database—a Set of Fear Inducing Pictures (SFIP). In Study 1, 270 fear-relevant and 130 neutral stimuli were rated for fear, arousal, and valence by four groups of participants; small-animal (N = 34), blood/injection (N = 26), social-fearful (N = 35), and nonfearful participants (N = 22). The results from Study 1 were employed to develop the final version of the SFIP, which includes fear-relevant images of social exposure (N = 40), blood/injection (N = 80), spiders/bugs (N = 80), and angry faces (N = 30), as well as 726 neutral photographs. In Study 2, we aimed to validate the SFIP in a sample of spider, blood/injection, social-fearful, and control individuals (N = 66). The fear-relevant images were rated as being more unpleasant and led to greater fear and arousal in fearful than in nonfearful individuals. The fear images differentiated between the three fear groups in the expected directions. Overall, the present findings provide evidence for the high validity of the SFIP and confirm that the set may be successfully used in phobia research.     

The first signs of prospective memory

We conducted a study to examine the impact of motivation and length of delay on performance on prospective memory (PM) tasks in 2-year of children. A total of 158 children aged exactly 24 months were asked to perform a naturalistic PM task. Length of delay (10?min; 35?min) and motivation (high; very high) were between-subjects factors. Two thirds of children had to be excluded from the analysis because of poor retrospective memory for the PM task instructions which were no longer remembered at the end of the session. For the children who did remember the instructions, both motivation and delay had significant effects on PM. Also, their PM performance was reliably above zero, even after the long delay. The findings indicate that when children as young as 24 months are able to remember the PM task instructions they can reliably succeed in PM tasks that are intrinsically motivating for them.     

The age prospective memory paradox within the same sample in time-based and event-based tasks

The present research investigated the age prospective memory (PM) paradox by testing the performance of the same participants on laboratory and naturalistic PM tasks. Younger, middle-aged, and older adults performed three tasks (time-based, event-based with focal cue, and event-based with nonfocal cue); first in the laboratory, then in the context of their everyday lives. Additionally, the social importance of PM tasks was manipulated in the laboratory. As expected, age-dependent declines on the laboratory tasks were reversed in the naturalistic tasks. Middle-aged adults performed as well as younger adults in the laboratory and as well as the elderly outside of the laboratory. When the social importance of laboratory tasks was stressed, the performance of younger adults fell. In addition, older adults showed higher self-reported commitment to the naturalistic tasks than both younger and middle-aged adults. Findings are discussed in the context of possible explanations for the age PM paradox.     

Sexuality and Health Among Chinese Seniors in Canada

Research on sexuality among older immigrants is extremely inadequate. This paper presents the results and analysis based on a national survey using a random sample of 2,272 Chinese-Canadian seniors. Self-reported health is examined in relation to a range of demographic as well as sexuality variables. Logistic regression analysis shows that language (English) ability and income play an important role in the health of Chinese-Canadian seniors, along with the sexuality variables. Among men, both the frequency of sexual activity and satisfaction with sex life have a positive effect on health. Among women, only sexual satisfaction is found to be significant. Results from this study can inform future research, service delivery, and policymaking in health care and social service for seniors.