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151.
The objective of the study is to assess views of age related changes in sexual behavior among married Thai adults age 53–57.
Results are viewed in the context of life course theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 Thai adults in Bangkok
and the four regions of Thailand. Topics covered include changing sexual behavior with age, adjustment to this change, gender
differences in behavior, attitudes toward commercial sex and other non-marital sexual partners, and condom use. Most respondents
were aware of this change and saw a decrease in sexual activity and desire more often among women compared to men. At the
same time, many respondents viewed sexuality as important to a marriage. Some respondents accepted the decrease in sexual
activity and focused more on work, family and temple activities. Thai Buddhism was seen as an important resource for people
who were dealing with changes due to aging. Other persons turned to other partners including both commercial and non-commercial
partners. The influence of the HIV epidemic that began in the 1990s was seen in concerns about disease transmission with extramarital
partners and consequent attitudes toward condom use. The acceptability of extramarital partners in the family and community
ranged from acceptance to strong disapproval of extramarital relationships. 相似文献
152.
The recent trend in the feminization of the HIV epidemic poses great risk to women, especially to the wives of men who have
sex with men (MSM). The objective of the present study was to explore wives’ responses to their husbands’ sexual orientation
as well as the factors that influence their sexual health in India. For this research, 15 wives who were aware of their husbands’
sexual orientation and their husbands were interviewed separately using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups.
The study explored the social and cultural structures that create gender inequality, which put women married to MSM at sexual
health risk. These factors need to be addressed carefully through existing MSM targeted interventions, without breaching the
confidentiality of either partner. 相似文献
153.
Between 1998 and 2006, twenty-seven states amended their constitutions to prohibit same sex marriage. The 2008 elections again
saw three states with ballot measures aimed at banning gay marriage. This study examines the determinants of support for those
measures in California and Florida, and includes a similar measure placed on the primary election ballot in California in
2000. Support is measured as the county-wide vote in favor of each gay marriage ban. A number of hypotheses are explored that
examine the urban/rural nature of each county, as well as the political and demographic characteristics of county residents.
It is suggested that states may be best viewed as relatively independent groupings of diverse subcultures, rather than as
homogenous populations with a single political culture. The findings reported here indicate that a host of demographic, political
and religious differences within each state influence residents’ votes on gay marriage bans. 相似文献
154.
Polder-Verkiel SE 《Science and engineering ethics》2012,18(1):117-141
In 2008 a young man committed suicide while his webcam was running. 1,500 people apparently watched as the young man lay dying:
when people finally made an effort to call the police, it was too late. This closely resembles the case of Kitty Genovese
in 1964, where 39 neighbours supposedly watched an attacker assault and did not call until it was too late. This paper examines
the role of internet mediation in cases where people may or may not have been good Samaritans and what their responsibilities
were. The method is an intuitive one: intuitions on the various potentially morally relevant differences when it comes to
responsibility between offline and online situations are examined. The number of onlookers, their physical nearness and their
anonymity have no moral relevance when it comes to holding them responsible. Their perceived reality of the situation and
ability to act do have an effect on whether we can hold people responsible, but this doesn’t seem to be unique to internet
mediation. However the way in which those factors are intrinsically connected to internet mediation does seem to have a diminishing
effect on responsibility in online situations. 相似文献
155.
156.
With its history dating back five millennia, the art of creating harmonious surroundings – commonly referred to as Feng Shui – has become deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Yet despite its significant effect on people's daily lives, a dearth of research is available on how Feng Shui influences consumers' decisions. This study investigates the influence of Feng Shui on customers' attitude based on their regulatory focus, providing suggestions for business opportunities. Three studies examine whether Feng Shui's goals influence participants' decisions and feelings of appropriateness. Study 1 demonstrated that the fit between Feng Shui's suggestions and consumers' regulatory focus impacted decision making. Participants were more likely to adopt the Feng Shui practitioner's suggestions of a goal compatible with the consumers' regulatory focus. Study 2 provided evidence that a regulatory focus also impacts participants' peace of mind. Study 3 tested whether the value experienced from regulatory fit is reflected in the price. Specifically, promotion‐oriented individuals feel more accepting of promotion‐focused Feng Shui that is consistent with an approach goal while prevention‐oriented individuals are more persuaded by prevention‐focused Feng Shui that is consistent with an avoidance goal. When the Feng Shui appeal is compatible with the self‐regulatory focus, individuals demonstrate a greater feeling of appropriateness and produce a higher level of peace of mind. 相似文献
157.
In this cross-cultural study, 115 Hong Kong Chinese and 117 Brazilian college students described a childhood peak-experience
(occurring before the age of 14) and provided a self-rating on its enduring impact. Among various categories of peak-experiences,
both Hong Kong Chinese and Brazilians reported interpersonal joy most frequently; the second most frequently reported category
was external achievement for the Hong Kong sample and developmental landmark for the Brazilian sample. Compared with Brazilians’
narratives, those of Hong Kong Chinese were more social-focused, involving greater number of other people, but less specific.
These characteristics of autobiographical memory, i.e., memory focus (self vs. social), memory specificity (specific vs. general),
and the number of other people involved, significantly mediated the relation between culture and interpersonal joy. The present
findings have extended research on peak-experiences to cross-cultural contexts and incorporated measures of autobiographical
memory to unpack cultural variations in these two collectivist societies. 相似文献
158.
The Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica) is a species of songbird. Males sing courtship songs with complex note-to-note transition rules, while females discriminate
these songs when choosing their mate. The present study uses serial reaction time (RT) to examine the characteristics of the
Bengalese finches’ sequential behaviours beyond song production. The birds were trained to produce the sequence with an “A–B–A”
structure. After the RT to each key position was determined to be stable, we tested the acquisition of the trained sequential
response by presenting novel and random three-term sequences (random test). We also examined whether they could abstract the
embedded rule in the trained sequence and apply it to the novel test sequence (abstract test). Additionally, we examined rule
abstraction through example training by increasing the number of examples in baseline training from 1 to 5. When considered
as (gender) groups, training with 5 examples resulted in no statistically significant differences in the abstract tests, while
statistically significant differences were observed in the random tests, suggesting that the male birds learned the trained
sequences and transferred the abstract structure they had learned during the training trials. Individual data indicated that
males, as opposed to females, were likely to learn the motor pattern of the sequence. The results are consistent with observations
that males learn to produce songs with complex sequential rules, whereas females do not. 相似文献
159.
Non-human primates possess species-specific repertoires of acoustically distinct call types that can be found in adults in
predictable ways. Evidence for vocal flexibility is generally rare and typically restricted to acoustic variants within the
main call types or sequential production of multiple calls. So far, evidence for context-specific call sequences has been
mainly in relation to external disturbances, particularly predation. In this study, we investigated extensively the vocal
behaviour of free-ranging and individually identified Diana monkeys in non-predatory contexts. We found that adult females
produced four vocal structures alone (‘H’, ‘L’, ‘R’ and ‘A’ calls, the latter consisting of two subtypes) or combined in non-random
ways (‘HA’, ‘LA’ and ‘RA’ call combinations) in relation to ongoing behaviour or external events. Specifically, the concatenation
of an introductory call with the most frequently emitted and contextually neutral ‘A’ call seems to function as a contextual
refiner of this potential individual identifier. Our results demonstrate that some non-human primates are able to increase
the effective size of their small vocal repertoire not only by varying the acoustic structure of basic call types but also
by combining them into more complex structures. We have demonstrated this phenomenon for a category of vocalisations with
a purely social function and discuss the implications of these findings for evolutionary theories of primate vocal communication. 相似文献
160.
It has been speculated that cage mesh exerts a shaping influence on reaching behavior by captive apes, which is then misconstrued
as pointing by human observers. Although this notion is clearly falsified by the pointing of captive language-trained apes—who
point in the absence of intervening cage mesh—nevertheless, the degree to which cage mesh might influence pointing hand shapes
by captive great apes in other housing environments remains relatively unexplored. We examined 259 pointing gestures displayed
in archival footage from over 18 h of observation by three nonlanguage-trained chimpanzees housed at a biomedical research
center. We coded points in relation to how close to the boundaries of the diamond-shaped cage mesh their points were displayed.
We found that points with the whole hand were significantly more likely to be displayed away from the mesh boundaries, relative
to points with the index finger or other single-digit points. However, points of each hand shape were displayed at each location,
demonstrating that these physical parameters do not fully account for the number of fingers extended while pointing by chimpanzees. 相似文献