The effects of transformational and change leadership on employees' commitment to a change: a multilevel study

The effects of transformational leadership on the outcomes of specific change initiatives are not well understood. Conversely, organizational change studies have examined leader behaviors during specific change implementations yet have failed to link these to broader leadership theories. In this study, the authors investigate the relationship between transformational and change leadership and followers' commitment to a particular change initiative as a function of the personal impact of the changes. Transformational leadership was found to be more strongly related to followers' change commitment than change-specific leadership practices, especially when the change had significant personal impact. For leaders who were not viewed as transformational, good change-management practices were found to be associated with higher levels of change commitment.     

Do aggressive people play violent computer games in a more aggressive way? Individual difference and idiosyncratic game-playing experience.

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether individual difference influences idiosyncratic experience of game playing. In particular, we examine the relationship between the game player's physical-aggressive personality and the aggressiveness of the player's game playing in violence-oriented video games. Screen video stream of 40 individual participants' game playing was captured and content analyzed. Participants' physical aggression was measured before the game play. The results suggest that people with more physical-aggressive personality engage in a more aggressive style of playing, after controlling the differences of gender and previous gaming experience. Implications of these findings and direction for future studies are discussed.     

慢性应激诱导的抑郁大鼠纹状体par-4基因的表达

为研究慢性温和应激诱导的抑郁大鼠纹状体内前列腺凋亡反应蛋白(prostate apoptosis response-4, par-4)的表达, 及甲基化是否参与par-4基因表达的调控, 将10周龄大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组, 实验组接受慢性温和应激, 对照组不接受实验性处理。于大鼠13周龄时, 采用强迫游泳、糖水偏爱测验测定大鼠的抑郁水平, 以实时定量PCR检测纹状体par-4及多巴胺D2受体(Dopamine receptor D2, DRD2) mRNA表达水平, 免疫印迹法检测纹状体par-4蛋白质表达水平, 用亚硫酸盐测序法检测par-4基因启动子区甲基化水平。结果发现, 与对照组大鼠相比, 实验组大鼠漂浮时间延长, 糖水偏爱率降低, 脑纹状体par-4、DRD2 mRNA及par-4蛋白质表达水平均降低, par-4基因启动子区甲基化水平两组差异不显著。提示慢性温和应激诱导大鼠产生了抑郁样行为, 并能抑制纹状体par-4基因的表达, 而基因甲基化可能并不参与其调控机制。     

Is personal growth initiative associated with later life satisfaction in Chinese college students? A 15‐week prospective analysis

Personal growth initiative (PGI) is presumed to foster positive change leading to positive psychological adjustment. Accordingly, in this study we examined PGI as a predictor of life satisfaction 15 weeks later in a sample of 152 Chinese college students. Time 1 PGI was found to explain a significant amount of unique variance in Time 2 life satisfaction, even after controlling for Time 1 life satisfaction and Time 2 PGI. Specifically, (lower) intentional behavior and planfulness at baseline emerged as significant predictors of later life satisfaction. No evidence was found indicating that life satisfaction at Time 1 accounted for any significant amount of unique variance in PGI processes at Time 2, after controlling for baseline PGI processes and concurrent life satisfaction. Overall, the present findings are the first to demonstrate the importance of PGI as a prospective predictor of positive psychological adjustment in adults.     

精神分裂症患者的语音感知

精神分裂症是一种常见的精神疾病, 表现为多方面的症状, 其中, 语言异常是精神分裂症患者认知损伤的核心症状之一。本文关注精神分裂症患者的语音感知, 从音段和超音段两方面简述国内外对精神分裂症患者语音感知开展的行为和神经科学实验, 指出中国应加大对中国精神分裂症患者的汉语语音感知探索。     

阶层流动的“双刃剑”效应及其心理机制

阶层流动是指人们在社会分层体系中相对位置的变化。人们普遍预期,向上流动促进个体发展和社会进步。然而近期研究也表明,向上流动还可能损害个体健康和主观幸福感,使人们低估和容忍社会不平等,并反对再分配。地位认同、贫富归因倾向以及系统公正信念能够解释向上流动的双刃剑效应。未来研究需要进一步澄清向上流动感知的具体表现,深入考察向上流动影响的心理机制,探索促进阶层流动积极效应发挥的干预方法。     

培训迁移影响因素研究述评

对培训迁移的研究从关注培训本身发展到关注培训以外影响其效果的因素,且焦点集中在对于企业来说更可控的因素上,主要是迁移气氛与组织特征。培训迁移气氛包括情境线索与结果两个维度。该文分析了影响培训迁移的几个主要因素,并根据已有的研究,提出了培训迁移研究未来的方向,例如,组织和个人的职业生涯管理与培训迁移的关系,以及培训类型的扩展对培训迁移带来的影响     

The Career Decision‐Making Process of Chinese American Youth

The authors investigated how negotiating two cultural expectations may influence the career decision‐making process of Chinese youth. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 8 participants addressing issues of role models, career interests, and individuals with whom they discussed career concerns. Consensual Qualitative Research (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) was used to analyze data. The findings suggest that parents' academic and career expectations influenced the career decisions of Chinese youth.     

Processing of invisible stimuli: advantage of upright faces and recognizable words in overcoming interocular suppression

Familiar and recognizable stimuli enjoy an advantage of predominance during binocular rivalry, and this advantage is usually attributed to their enhanced processing during the dominant phase. However, do familiar and recognizable stimuli have an advantage in breaking suppression? Test images were gradually introduced to one eye to compete against a standard high-contrast dynamic noise pattern presented to the other eye. Results showed that an upright face took less time than an upside-down face to gain dominance against the identical suppression noise. Results also showed that for Chinese readers, Chinese characters were faster to gain dominance than Hebrew words, whereas for Hebrew readers, the reverse was true. These results suggest that familiar and recognizable information, even when suppressed and invisible, is processed differently from unfamiliar information. Apparently, high-level information about visual form does contribute to the strength of a stimulus during its suppressed phase.     

基督教人性观在当代的发展

本文对基督教传统的人性观进行了概括,简要梳理了现代基督教人观的发展。本文中名为"奥古斯丁—阿奎那传统"的传统人观强调人内在与外在的区别,认为"上帝的形象"体现在无性别的单一灵魂或者理性中,这种实在的理性将人与万物区别开来。与这种实体性的人观相反,现代基督教人观更强调人存在于与某种超越的终极实在的关系之中,以及人作为男性或女性与其他人形成的关系之中。人格的人是每个人发展这两个方面位格关系所有的结果。成为人首先意味着成为一个男人或者女人,以此差别为基础反映了三位一体上帝的形象。现代基督教人观打破了自启蒙以来把人理解为"理性人"的抽象观念。