全球生命伦理学

探讨生命伦理学的起源,并阐述了不同理论支持者的观点,发现无论准确的生命伦理学历史起源是什么,目前生命伦理学已经变成了一种真正的全球现象。它在全世界具有重要的意义,因为人类不仅仅是欧洲人或亚洲人,也是世界公民和一个全球道德共同体的成员。生命伦理学对任何地方、任何人都是重要的,并不是因为它是"拿来"的,而是因为它提供了一个普遍的框架去解释和管理正在经历的变化,这个变化包括了目前所有的国家和文化。然而,这个框架的解释和应用必须依据本土环境。因此,现代生命伦理学具有全球性和本土特征的特点。     

爱情关系:基于成人依恋风格的视角

在爱情关系中,情感是关系发展的主要动力。而这种动力的发展模式可追溯到婴幼儿期与父母形成的依恋风格。本文综述了成人不同依恋风格在爱情关系中的特点,探讨了不同的依恋风格在爱情关系中指导依恋行为的依恋策略。未来研究应在儿童依恋与成人依恋的连续性以及关系破裂领域进行更深入的探索。     

伊斯兰教主张中道北大核心CSSCISSCI

至慈的真主安拉在《古兰经》里教导我们说：“这确是我的正路,故你们当遵循它;你们不要遵循邪路,以免那些邪路使你们离开真主的大道。他将这些亨嘱咐你们,以便你们敬畏。”     

哥本哈根神经美学会议:一个新兴领域的前途与缺陷

神经美学是一个年轻的研究领域,它主要关注个体面对艺术作品、非艺术客体或一种自然现象采取审美或艺术方法时所基于的认知与情感神经基础.2009年9月,哥本哈根神经美学会议聚集了这个领域的主要研究者来呈现和讨论当前的进展.我们归纳概括了这次会议的部分主题,把神经美学放置到历史背景中讨论它的范围及和其它学科的关系.我们也确定了我们认为重要而未解决的问题和这个领域面对的主要陷阱、挑战以及未来研究中的有前途的方法.     

怀疑的解释学

本文从利科的"怀疑的解释学"引出一个对解释学的怀疑问题的更加宽泛的思考,强调任何解释学都是对怀疑意识的克服,从近代到现代的西方解释学的发展都表明了这一点。当代的现象学的出发点是直观的"被给予性",而不是某种先入为主的基础。现象学的被给予性是超越传统基础主义的,它同时也是对怀疑主义的超越,它的怀疑是笛卡尔似的。伽达默尔似乎不满于利科过于执着于怀疑的解释学与信心解释学的对峙和差别,而要将两者统一起来,即置怀疑的解释学于信心解释学之中,虽然他在本文中并没有明确使用"信心解释学"这个词。对于伽达默尔来说,从怀疑到信心,是通过辩证法来实现的,而他眼里的辩证法被解释学化了,并与现象学对接,它涵盖对话、解释学的应用、实践智慧和视域融合等因素,伽达默尔突出从中引发出来的"分享"概念,强调理解作为一种参与是"分享",而不是独占,它不是获取部分,而是获取整体,人类的文明、文化就是这样发展起来的,类似滚雪球,越滚越大。     

The impact of parental attachment and supervision on fear of crime among adolescent males

This paper examines the effect of parental attachment and supervision on fear of crime among adolescent males. Earlier work has suggested that feelings of powerlessness and association with deviant peers have a significant impact on adolescent fear of crime. As the nature of the parent-adolescent relationship is also a key predictor of adolescent self-concept and quality of peer relationships, we felt that parental attachment and supervision should also impact fear of crime. Using self-report surveys from 318 incarcerated adolescent males, we examine the effect of parental attachment and supervision, along with other demographic and contextual variables, on fear of criminal victimization, perceived safety, and perceptions of risk. The results indicate that those boys who are most attached to their parents are less fearful of criminal victimization and feel safer in their environment than do their counterparts with weaker parental attachments. Additionally, those boys whose parents supervise them closely are more fearful of criminal victimization, but have lower levels of perceived risk of victimization. Implications and ramifications for social policies and future research are also discussed.     

Parts and wholes in person recognition: developmental trends

This study's aim is the investigation of short-term visual person recognition in 8- and 10-year-olds and adults, within the part-whole paradigm introduced by. Natural unfamiliar whole persons were contrasted with natural unfamiliar faces to test for differences between person processing and face processing. Two experiments showed advantages of whole face recognition over isolated face feature recognition. Also, these was a complete over part probe advantage (CPA, ) for person recognition in all age groups. Thus, recognition became more accurate between 8 years and adulthood, but no developmental shift in visual information processing was observable with face and whole person recognition. I conclude that person recognition does not rely on processes completely different from those of face recognition and that this holds for 8- and 10-year-olds as well as for adults.     

The nature of intrusive memories after trauma: the warning signal hypothesis

Individuals who had experienced a range of different traumas were asked to describe the quality and content of their intrusive memories. Visual intrusions were the most common, and thoughts were uncommon. Intrusion quality varied little with type of trauma. Intrusive memories commonly consisted of stimuli that were present immediately before the traumatic event happened or shortly before the moments that had the largest emotional impact (i.e., when the meaning of the event became more traumatic). It is suggested that intrusive memories are about stimuli that through temporal association with the trauma acquired the status of warning signals, i.e., stimuli that if encountered again would indicate impending danger. This explains why intrusive memories are accompanied by a sense of serious current threat. The warning signal hypothesis may be useful in guiding therapists in identifying the moments with the largest emotional impact that will need reprocessing in treatment, and in educating patients about the nature of reexperiencing symptoms.     

The formation of a generalized categorization repertoire: effect of training with multiple domains,samples, and comparisons

The present experiment explored the effects of three variables on the spontaneous categorization of stimuli in perceptually distinct and novel domains. Each of six stimulus domains was created by morphing two images that were the domain endpoints. The endpoints of the domains were male and female faces, two abstract drawings, a car and a truck, two banded-elevation satellite land images, a tree and a cat, and two false-color satellite images. The stimulus variants at each end of a domain defined two potential perceptual classes. Training was conducted in a matching-to-sample format and used stimuli from one or two domains, one or three variants per class as samples, and one or three variants per class as comparisons. The spontaneous categorization of stimuli in the untrained stimulus domains showed the emergence of a generalized categorization repertoire. The proportion of spontaneously categorized stimuli in the new domains was positively related to the number of domains and samples used in training, and was inversely related to the number of comparisons used in training. Differential reaction times demonstrated the discriminability of the stimuli in the emergent classes. This study is among the first to provide an empirical basis for a behavior-analytic model of the development of generalized categorization repertoires in natural settings.     

伊斯兰教与维吾尔族医学CSSCISSCI

在历史发展过程中宗教对维吾尔医学的发展起着重要的作用。维吾尔族接受伊斯兰教以后,维吾尔医学受到伊斯兰教的重要影响,如维吾尔医德、医药专业词和维吾尔药名等都带有伊斯兰教的色彩。