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Austin S. Baldwin Scott A. Baldwin Valerie G. Loehr Julie L. Kangas Georita M. Frierson 《Psychology & health》2013,28(12):1424-1441
Satisfaction with physical activity is known to be an important factor in physical activity maintenance, but the factors that influence satisfaction are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate how ongoing experiences with recently initiated physical activity are associated with satisfaction. Participants (n?=?116) included insufficiently active volunteers who initiated a self-directed physical activity regimen and completed daily diaries about their experiences for 28?days. We used multilevel models to examine the associations between experiences with physical activity and satisfaction. Significant between-person effects demonstrated that people reporting higher average levels of positive experiences and lower levels of thinking about the negative aspects of exercise were more likely to report higher levels of satisfaction (ps?<?.05). Positive experiences and perceived progress toward goals had significant within-person effects (ps?<?.01), suggesting that day-to-day fluctuations in these experiences were associated with changes in satisfaction. These findings elucidate a process through which people may determine their satisfaction with physical activity. 相似文献
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Murat Kksalan Jyrki Wallenius Stanley Zionts 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2013,20(1-2):87-94
This historical note is based on a plenary talk ‘A History of Early Developments in Multiple Criteria Decision Making’, presented by Stanley Zionts at the 21st International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making held in Jyväskylä, Finland, June 2011. It draws heavily on our book, Multiple Criteria Decision Making: From Early History to the 21st Century, published by World Scientific, Singapore, 2011. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Maria Kangas Janet R. Williams Robert I. Smee 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(2):163-182
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between health-related quality of life and brain-tumor related posttraumatic
stress symptoms (PTSS) in adults who had been treated for a primary benign meningioma (MGM). Utilizing a cross-sectional survey
design, 70 adults who had previously been treated with radiotherapy [M = 4.4 years] for a benign MGM were administered questionnaires
assessing MGM-related PTSS, health-related quality-of-life (QOL), and current mood, as well as a test of executive functioning.
Sixteen percent of the sample reported heightened MGM-related PTSS. Elevated PTSS was significantly associated with a substantial
reduction in executive functioning, QOL, as well as heightened symptoms of depression, fatigue and confusion. The majority
of participants with elevated PTSS reported the need to have professional support due to feeling distressed and having a fear
of their tumor progressing or recurring. The findings suggest that one in six patients treated for a benign MGM are at risk
of experiencing MGM-related PTSS both in the short- and longer-term, and PTSS may seriously hamper patients QOL irrespective
of prognosis. The findings suggest that psychological effects need to be taken into account when treating MGM patients. 相似文献
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Nicole Zieber Ashley Kangas Alyson Hock Angela Hayden Rebecca Collins Henrietta Bada Jane E. Joseph Ramesh S. Bhatt 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2013
Adults’ face processing expertise includes sensitivity to second-order configural information (spatial relations among features such as distance between eyes). Prior research indicates that infants process this information in female faces. In the current experiments, 9-month-olds discriminated spacing changes in upright human male and monkey faces but not in inverted faces. However, they failed to process matching changes in upright house stimuli. A similar pattern of performance was exhibited by 5-month-olds. Thus, 5- and 9-month-olds exhibited specialization by processing configural information in upright primate faces but not in houses or inverted faces. This finding suggests that, even early in life, infants treat faces in a special manner by responding to changes in configural information more readily in faces than in non-face stimuli. However, previously reported differences in infants’ processing of human versus monkey faces at 9 months of age (but not at younger ages), which have been associated with perceptual narrowing, were not evident in the current study. Thus, perceptual narrowing is not absolute in the sense of loss of the ability to process information from other species’ faces at older ages. 相似文献
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Repeated acquisition and discrimination reversal tasks are often used to examine behavioral relations of, respectively, learning and cognitive flexibility. Surprisingly, despite their frequent use in cognitive neuroscience and behavioral pharmacology, variables that control performance under these two tasks have not been widely studied. The present studies were conducted to directly investigate the controlling variables in nonhuman primates. Squirrel monkeys were trained with a touchscreen variant of the repeated acquisition task in which a novel pair of S+/S? stimuli was presented daily. Subjects learned to discriminate the two stimuli (acquisition) and, subsequently, with the contingencies switched (reversal). Results indicate that rates of both acquisition and reversal learning increased across successive sessions, but that rate of reversal learning remained slower than acquisition learning, i.e., more trials were needed for mastery. Subsequent experiments showed this difference between the rate of learning novel discriminations and reversal was reliable for at least 5 days between acquisition and reversal and notwithstanding the interpolation of additional discriminations. Experimental analysis of the S+/S? elements of the tasks revealed that the difference in the rate of learning could not be attributed to a relatively aversive quality of the S? or to a relatively appetitive quality of the S+, but, rather, to contextual control by the S+/S? stimulus complex. Thus, if either element (S+ or S?) of the stimulus complex was replaced by a novel stimulus, the rate of acquisition approximated that expected with a novel stimulus pair. These results improve our understanding of fundamental features of discrimination acquisition and reversal. 相似文献
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Cognitive Outcome in Acute Sporadic Encephalitis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. In the United States, 20,000 cases occur yearly. A variety of cognitive deficits, often the sole cause of disability, may persist after the acute stage. Still, infectious diseases tend to be covered only briefly in neuropsychological handbooks. Recent literature demonstrates the heterogeneity of both amnestic disorders and the outcome following encephalitides. Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), the most common single etiology of sporadic encephalitis, usually causes the most severe symptoms. Modern antiviral medication, however, seems to improve the cognitive outcome. Much less is known about non-HSV encephalitides, where both mild and severe defects have been observed. This article summarizes the current knowledge and also calls upon a more active neuropsychological research in the area. 相似文献
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