Justin D. Caouette  Sarah K. Ruiz  Clinton C. Lee  Zainab Anbari  Roberta A. Schriber  Amanda E. Guyer 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(5):945-953

Social anxiety (SA) involves a multitude of cognitive symptoms related to fear of evaluation, including expectancy and memory biases. We examined whether memory biases are influenced by expectancy biases for social feedback in SA. We hypothesised that, faced with a socially evaluative event, people with higher SA would show a negative expectancy bias for future feedback. Furthermore, we predicted that memory bias for feedback in SA would be mediated by expectancy bias. Ninety-four undergraduate students (55 women, mean age = 19.76 years) underwent a two-visit task that measured expectations about (Visit 1) and memory of (Visit 2) feedback from unknown peers. Results showed that higher levels of SA were associated with negative expectancy bias. An indirect relationship was found between SA and memory bias that was mediated by expectancy bias. The results suggest that expectancy biases are in the causal path from SA to negative memory biases for social evaluation.  相似文献   

    

Meagan C. Alder  W. Justin Dyer  Jonathan G. Sandberg  Stephanie Y. Davis  Julianne Holt-Lunstad 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(5):541-555

Abstract

Decades of research have shown that depression can have deleterious effects on couple relationships. Emotionally-focused therapy (EFT; Johnson, 2004 Johnson, S. M. (2004). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. East Sussex, UK: Brunner-Routledge. [Google Scholar]) is an empirically validated form of couple therapy, which has shown effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms in couples where the wife has depression. The aim of the current pilot study was to examine the extent to which EFT and the comparison treatment as usual (TAU) therapy group decrease depressive symptoms in distressed couples. Results show that both groups were effective in decreasing depressive symptoms, with EFT showing a clinically significant reduction. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Justin Zylstra 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(8):859-876

In this paper, I develop a truthmaker semantics for essence and use the semantics to investigate the explanatory role of essence.  相似文献   

    

Justin Huft  Naveen Jonathan 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(3):287-305

Abstract

Feminist therapy altered how marriage and family therapists conceptualized their clients’ realities and psychopathology. Upon an extensive search of the literature, there is a sparse amount of literature regarding the integration of feminist therapy with experiential therapy. The authors discuss feminist and experiential therapy models, propose a model of feminist-experiential therapy, and highlight the need and fit of these theories. A discussion on giving space to silenced voices, establishing an egalitarian relationship, expanding the definition of deviance, and exploring the importance of language will be done to aid the experiential therapist in their work and expand their client’s experience.  相似文献   

    

Justin B. Leaf  Kathleen H. Tsuji  Amy E. Lentell  Stephanie E. Dale  Alyne Kassardjian  Mitchell Taubman  John McEachin  Ronald Leaf  Misty L. Oppenheim‐Leaf 《Behavioral Interventions》2013,28(1):82-106

Discrete trial teaching (DTT) is a systematic form of intervention commonly implemented with children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Experimenters and clinicians have implemented DTT in both one‐to‐one instructional formats and group instructional formats to teach a wide variety of skills to children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare DTT implemented in a one‐to‐one instructional format with DTT implemented in a group instructional format in order to determine which format was more effective, efficient, resulted in higher observational learning, and resulted in better maintenance when teaching a variety of expressive skills. The experimenters utilized a parallel treatment design, and the results indicated that both instructional formats were equally effective, there were mixed results in terms of maintenance and efficiency, and group instruction resulted in observational learning. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Hrag Pailian  Justin Halberda 《Visual cognition》2013,21(6):704-707

  相似文献   

    

Jeremy D. Schwark  Justin MacDonald  Joshua Sandry  Igor Dolgov 《Visual cognition》2013,21(5):541-568

In visual search, observers make decisions about the presence or absence of a target based on their perception of a target during search. The present study investigated whether decisions can be based on observers’ expectation rather than perception of a target. In Experiment 1, participants were allowed to make target-present responses by clicking on the target or, if the target was not perceived, a target-present button. Participants used the target-present button option more frequently in difficult search trials and when target prevalence was high. Experiment 2 and 3 employed a difficult search task that encouraged the use of prevalence-based decisions. Target presence was reported faster when target prevalence was high, indicating that decisions were, in part, cognitive, and not strictly perceptual. A similar pattern of responses were made even when no targets appeared in the search (Experiment 3). The implication of these prevalence-based decisions for visual search models is discussed.  相似文献   

    

Melissa E. Libertus  Darko Odic  Lisa Feigenson  Justin Halberda 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(3):442-454

Measuring individual differences in children's emerging language abilities is important to researchers and clinicians alike. The 2 most widely used methods for assessing children's vocabulary both have limitations: Experimenter-administered tests are time-consuming and expensive, and parent questionnaires have only been designed for children up to 37 months of age. Here, we test the validity of a new assessment to fill this gap: the Developmental Vocabulary Assessment for Parents (DVAP). In 4 experiments, we assess the reliability of this measure and its concurrent and predictive validity in samples of 2- to 7-year-old children. We found that the DVAP provides a rapid, cost-effective alternative to experimenter-administered vocabulary tests for children.  相似文献   

    

Justin H. G. Williams  Jackie M. Casey  Lieke Braadbaart  Peter R. Culmer  Mark Mon-Williams 《Journal of cognition and development》2014,15(2):345-362

We sought to develop a method for measuring imitation accuracy objectively in primary school children. Children imitated a model drawing shapes on the same computer-tablet interface they saw used in video clips, allowing kinematics of model and observers' actions to be directly compared. Imitation accuracy was reported as a correlation reflecting the statistical dependency between values of the model's and participant's sets of actions, or as a mean absolute difference between them. Children showed consistent improvement in imitation accuracy across middle childhood. They appeared to rationalize the demands of the task by remembering duration and size of action, which enabled them to reenact speed through motor-planning mechanisms. Kinematic measures may provide a window into the cognitive mechanisms involved in imitation.  相似文献   

Gender and social environment modulate the effects of testosterone on social behavior: comment on Eisenegger et al     

Josephs RA  Mehta PH  Carré JM 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2011,15(11):509-510

  相似文献