Justin Kruger  Jeff Galak  Jeremy Burrus 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2007,17(4):250-253

Self‐image motives and “sacrosanct beliefs” are powerful motivators of consumer judgment and decision making. The sacrosanct belief that one is rational, for instance, can cause consumers to justify seemingly unwise economic decisions. This article outlines some of the occasions when self‐image motives appear to fail. For instance, although consumers occasionally pat themselves on the back for making questionable purchase decisions, at other times they find fault in perfectly reasonable ones. These and other recent findings provide an exception to the more general rule outlined by Dunning (2007).  相似文献   

    

Justin R. Feeney  Julie M. McCarthy  Richard Goffin 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2015,23(3):295-305

The Sex‐linked Anxiety Coping Theory (SCT) suggests that anxiety should relate to performance more strongly for males than females. In Study 1, we examined how the theory applied to five interview anxiety dimensions (appearance anxiety, behavioral anxiety, communication anxiety, performance anxiety, and social anxiety) using actual job applicants. In general, females reported higher levels of each type of interview anxiety than did males. However, consistent with SCT, Overall Interview Anxiety, Appearance Anxiety, and Social Anxiety demonstrated stronger negative relations with interview performance for males than for females. Consistent with the SCT, in Study 2 we found that females had more effective coping orientations for job interviews than did males.  相似文献   

    

Justin B. Leaf  Alyne Kassardjian  Misty L. Oppenheim‐Leaf  Kathleen H. Tsuji  Stephanie Dale  Aditt Alcalay  Jeremy A. Leaf  Daniel Ravid  Christine Miline  Ronald Leaf  Mitchell Taubman  John McEachin 《Behavioral Interventions》2015,30(3):256-269

Individuals with autism have been noted to have restricted interests and repetitive behavior such as nonfunctional manipulation of objects. In this study, we used an observational conditioning procedure to switch the preference of items for four individuals diagnosed with autism who are considered lower functioning. The procedure consisted of the participant observing an adult playing with toys that were initially non‐preferred by the participant in a functional and engaging manner. For two participants, results were similar to the findings by Leaf; one participant required additional conditioning procedures, and we were unable to switch the preference for the other participant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Azrael D  Hemenway D  Miller M  Barber CW  Schackner R 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2004,34(1):36-43

Data on 153 youth suicides in Arizona (1994-1999) were used to explore demographic, behavioral, and experiential factors that distinguish between firearm suicide and suicide by other means. In bivariate analyses, White youths were more likely than non-White youths to use a firearm to commit suicide as were youths who had not experienced a life crisis or expressed suicidal thoughts in the past, relationships that hold in multivariate analyses at the p < 0.2 level. Targeted suicide prevention activities should supplement interventions focused on restricting access to highly lethal means of suicide such as firearms.  相似文献   

    

Justin Tiwald 《Philosophy Compass》2011,6(10):663-674

This article spells out a forgotten debate in Confucian ethics that concerns the finer points of empathy, sympathy, and perspective‐taking (sometimes called ‘role‐taking’). The debate’s central question is whether sympathy is more virtuous when it is automatic and other‐focused – that is, when we engage in perspective‐taking without conscious effort and sympathize without significant reference to our selves or our own feelings. The seeds of this debate can be found in classical Confucianism, but the relevant issues come in for more explicit and nuanced analysis in neo‐Confucianism broadly construed, especially in the thought of Zhu Xi and Dai Zhen. I unpack the technical distinctions and psychological presuppositions that underlie three of Zhu’s critiques of non‐automatic and self‐focused perspective‐taking, and then reconstruct Dai’s responses to these critiques.  相似文献   

    

Carré JM  Mehta PH 《Aggressive behavior》2011,37(6):489-491

A novel \"field\" study recently published in Aggressive Behavior found that individual differences in baseline testosterone concentrations were positively correlated with endorsement of political aggression and that baseline cortisol concentrations were negatively correlated with self-reported aggression among Palestinian boys living in Gaza. Here, we discuss recent evidence indicating that testosterone and cortisol interact to predict competitive, aggressive, and dominant behaviors and urge researchers collecting both hormones to perform and report analyses that formally test for such interaction effects.  相似文献   

    

Peter J. Norton  Debra A. Hope  Justin W. Weeks 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(4):363-382

Research suggests that social anxiety may be elicited in athletic or sporting situations, resulting in decreased physical activity due to avoidance behavior. Given the myriad physical and psychological health consequences of a non-active lifestyle, valid assessment of social anxiety and avoidance in this domain is warranted. However, none of the common measures of social anxiety appear to assess social anxiety in physical activity or sporting domains. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a brief measure of social anxiety in physical activities and sports. A 16-item self-report questionnaire, the Physical Activity and Sport Anxiety Scale (PASAS), was extracted from a larger pool on empirical and theoretical grounds. The PASAS demonstrated excellent internal consistency across a number of samples, and excellent temporal stability. The PASAS also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity, and is related to self-perceived performance biases as postulated by cognitive-behavioral models of social anxiety.  相似文献   

    

Jan Bruins  Andrew Barber 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(6):1268-1280

Several mediating variables have been suggested for the effects of crowding on mental task performance. Among these are behavioral constraints imposed by crowds, mental overload, and loss of control. The present field experiment investigated the influence of crowding and providing information about the physiological effects of crowding on task performance and on affect, and the extent to which each of these effects is mediated by the 3 potential mediators. The results indicate that the effects of crowding on physical task performance were mediated by mental overload, and the effects on mental task performance and affect were mediated mainly by behavioral constraints. Directions for future research are suggested.  相似文献   

    

G E Stelmach  J L Barber 《Perceptual and motor skills》1970,30(1):231-234

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Amee Barber 《Science as culture》2013,22(2):271-276

This review addresses how The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Healthcare structures and analyzes the themes that emerge from its own interrogation of the complex concepts of gender, equality, health and policy. Overall the review takes a complimentary tone towards the handbook's arguments and premises and the unique research that sets it apart from other more scientifically or development based gender health texts. It points out, however, that the book maintains its focus on the global north and the efficacy of state policy as the primary tool for gender equality, however defined. The author suggests that in future discussions, the alternative routes and different countries that are only just touched on in the text should be more thoroughly explored.  相似文献