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131.
Joseph Bilotta Shannon Saszik Amy S. DeLorenzo Heather R. Hardesty 《Behavior research methods》1999,31(1):178-184
The purpose of this paper is to describe how to establish and maintain a low-cost zebrafish facility that can be used for
both teaching and research purposes. The cost of the facility ranges from about 250 to250 to 1,000, depending on the size of the
facility and the experiments that will be conducted. The facility plan presented here also has the advantage that it can be
disassembled so that it need not function year-round. A detailed list of supplies and materials is provided, along with detailed
instructions on how to set up and maintain the adult and breeding portions of the facility. Finally, there is discussion of
some of the general uses of a zebrafish facility, including a variety of procedures that are currently being used in behavioral
research with this species. 相似文献
132.
Three groups of women (ns = 10) undergoing hysterectomy were subjects in an evaluation of biofeedback and relaxation techniques applied to recovery from psychological trauma of hysterectomy. Dependent measures included requests of pain medications, anxiety levels, finger-tip temperature, subjective units of discomfort, and number of days post-operative care. Although the results were mixed on most variables, the number of days post-operative care was significantly less in the relaxation/biofeedback group. 相似文献
133.
Shannon Dawn Moeser 《Memory & cognition》1979,7(6):435-444
The acquisition of a 14-term partial ordering was compared with the acquisition of a 14-term linear ordering. Learning the partial ordering was found to be more difficult because of two factors: (1) Subjects do not appear to have in their knowledge systems a prototype or rule for representing a long list of comparative relations as a partial ordering structure, and (2) the partial ordering must be presented so that some of the adjacently presented premises do not contain a common element. When these two factors were controlled, the partial ordering was as easy to learn as the linear ordering. It was also found that subjects learning the partial ordering showed no evidence of a serial position learning curve, whereas subjects learning the linear ordering showed some tendency to produce a serial position learning curve. 相似文献
134.
Janelle Bettis Shannon Kakkar Christian D. Chan 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2020,19(1):54-64
Bronfenbrenner's (1977) ecological systems theory is a holistic framework placing an individual in a system's context to address their concerns. This article offers a case study demonstrating use of the theory with older adults and the in‐home setting. Implications for the counseling field and future research needs are discussed. 相似文献
135.
There is an extensive literature documenting that people with schizophrenia have marked impairments in social role functioning and social skill. One of the most widely employed strategies for assessing social skill has been role-play tests: simulated social interactions that are videotaped for subsequent behavioral coding. There has been considerable discussion of the validity of the approach in the literature, but there has not been adequate consideration of other psychometric characteristics of role-play tests. This paper examines the psychometric characteristics of a representative role-play measure: the Maryland Assessment of Social Competence (MASC). Data from 5 large schizophrenia studies that included the MASC were examined: a study of victimization in women who abuse drugs, a study of health care among people with diabetes, a study of vocational outcomes, a study of social skill among drug abusers, and a clinical trial comparing two antipsychotic medications. Data were examined in terms of five questions: (1) Can role-play scenes be rated reliably? (2) How are role-play ratings distributed across populations? (3) How many and which behaviors should be rated? (4) How many role-play scenes are required? (5) Is role-play behavior temporally stable? Overall, the data suggest that the MASC, and by implication other similar role-play procedures, does have good psychometric properties. However, several things often taken for granted in the literature warrant careful consideration in the design of research using role-play. Implications of the results for design of research are discussed. 相似文献
136.
Triads of unacquainted college students interacted in 1 of 5 experimental conditions that manipulated information quantity (amount of information) and information quality (relevance of information to personality), and they then made judgments of each others' personalities. To determine accuracy, the authors compared the ratings of each judge to a broad-based accuracy criterion composed of personality ratings from 3 types of knowledgeable informants (the self, real-life acquaintances, and clinician-interviewers). Results supported the hypothesis that information quantity and quality would be positively related to objective knowledge about the targets and realistic accuracy. Interjudge consensus and self-other agreement followed a similar pattern. These findings are consistent with expectations based on models of the process of accurate judgment (D. C. Funder, 1995, 1999) and consensus (D. A. Kenny, 1994). 相似文献
137.
Skov-Rackette SI Miller NY Shettleworth SJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2006,32(4):345-358
The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed. 相似文献
138.
Wiener RL Richmond TL Seib HM Rauch SM Hackney AA 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2002,20(1-2):119-139
According to the story model of Pennington and Hastie, jurors collect information at trial and modify it with general knowledge to create case stories. Schank and Ableson argue that human memory is organized to tell and understand stories. However, Finkel and Groscup questioned the use of manipulated, experimenter-constructed narratives to demonstrate the existence of multiple prototypical crime stories. We interviewed 76 jury eligible, death qualified citizens and asked them to imagine a first-degree murder scenario, describing the events that led to the killing. We coded the presence of dichotomous variables in the resulting stories and identified at least three shared story prototypes using cluster and profile analysis. We conclude that people do not store crime stories as simple prototypes and comment on the implications of this finding for legal decision-making. 相似文献
139.
Several recent reports suggest that the behavioral and cortical specificity of face processing may be influenced by experience.
To test this hypothesis, behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded from adults in response to human and monkey
faces differing in familiarity and orientation. An analysis of event-related potential and behavioral data revealed differentiation
across species, familiarity, and orientation. Behavioral measures were correlated with amplitude and latency measures for
each factor of interest. These analyses revealed that accuracy was positively related to the amplitude of the vertex positive
potential in the human face task but not in the monkey face task. These findings suggest that previous experience with different
categories of faces modulates the link between behavioral and electrophysiological measures of face processing. 相似文献
140.