age,experience, and learning on the job: crossing the boundaries between training and workplace

A case study of a tailor‐made apprenticeship training program for experienced employees is presented. The existing and aspiring heads, managers, and experts in a single enterprise were offered apprenticeship training for special vocational qualification in engineering. The aim of the case study was to discover participants' views about age, experience, tacit knowledge, and workplace counseling. Considering the age and experience of employees and the personalization of adult learning creates a challenge for workplace counseling.     

Relieved after GP's consultation? Change in the complaint-related worry of young adult patients

Patients tend to get relieved during a general practitioner's (GP's) consultation, but some patients remain worried. This study aimed to explore the change in worry and to identify factors associated with non-worry, relief and persistent worry by interviewing GPs' patients before and after a consultation. Patients aged 18-39 years consulting their doctor because of a somatic complaint were interviewed about their complaint-related worry, complaint characteristics and their expectations and experiences concerning the consultation. They completed questionnaires about general illness worry (IWS) and psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90). The GPs assessed the medical severity of each complaint and reported whether the complaint was medically explained. Persistently worried patients reported more anxiety and thoughts that something was seriously wrong in their body. They expected more often medical examinations, were less certain about what was wrong with them and considered their complaint more severe than the other patients, even though its medical severity did not differ from that of the other patients.     

Impulsivity as a predictor of newly-diagnosed peptic ulcer disease: A prospective cohort study

We examined the role of impulsivity in the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The subjects were initially healthy 4636 hospital employees aged 19–62 who responded to a questionnaire on personality, health habits, mental health, and PUD in 1998 and 2000. We used multivariate logistic analyses to determine the relationship between impulsivity and newly-diagnosed PUD among those employees who did not have PUD at baseline. Impulsivity was assessed with the Karolinska Scale of Personality. High level of impulsivity was associated with increased 2-year incidence of doctor-diagnosed PUD after adjustment of age, gender, education and shift work (odds ratio = 2.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–4.82). Additional adjustment for the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, minor psychiatric morbidity and diagnosed depression and other psychiatric disease had little effect on this relationship. The present study suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for the development of PUD.     

Contractualism as Restricted Constructivism

Metaethics is often dominated by both realist views according to which moral claims are made true by either non-natural or natural properties and by non-cognitivist views according to which these claims express desire-like attitudes. It is sometimes suggested that constructivism is a fourth alternative, but it has remained opaque just how it differs from the other views. To solve this problem, this article first describes a clear constructivist theory based on Crispin Wright’s anti-realism. It then outlines an argumentative strategy that can be used to argue against constructivist views about practical reasons. The rest of the article explains how the outlined constructivist metaethical framework, reasons, and contractualism in normative ethics can still be used to create a new viable metaethical constructivist position about right and wrong.     

Inducing affective states with success-failure manipulations: a meta-analysis

Meta-analytic techniques were used to assess whether successes and failures can be used experimentally to induce affective states. Data from 32 studies, with a total of 2,468 participants, were reviewed. Methods for producing success-failure experiences, as well as the resulting affective reactions, were analyzed. Effect sizes as a result of various methods of induction were calculated. The success-failure manipulation turned out to be capable of reliably inducing both positive and negative affective reactions. A framework for using success-failure manipulations in affect induction is presented. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)     

Networking Psychology in Finland: New Collaboration Between Research and Profession

A firmly structured collaborative scheme was created in Finland during the 1990s, involving all psychology departments and national scientific as well as professional societies. The experiences have been very rewarding. This article reports the main events, crucial strategies and decisions, and evaluates the reasons for success and the dangers to be avoided in such a project.     

Morphological isolates in idioms: cranberries or real words?

The present study focuses on a subtype of Finnish nouns that appear only as complements in idiomatic verb phrases. In addition to the idioms as their sole environment, these idiomatic isolates, as we call them, are typically frozen to a single case form. In two experiments, in a subjective rating task and a lexical decision task, the isolates are pitted against ordinary nouns and nouns that appear as frozen forms in idioms in addition to being ordinary, free words. The experiments show that the isolates, in spite of their defective syntactic and morphological properties, are processed like ordinary lexical items.