耻感与道德体系

在主张德治的儒家和主张法治的法家两大道德哲学的历史传统及其所代表的个体道德和社会伦理的两大道德哲学的逻辑体系中,耻感都是道德哲学体系的原素和原色.耻感的伦理根源和伦理动力是个体"成为一个人"的向伦理实体和人的公共本质回归的精神运动.耻感的道德本性是作为"主观意志的法"的道德自由,因而它的更深刻的本质不是他律而是自律,不是制裁而是激励,是推动人们在道德上自强不息、止于至善的精神力量.     

组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺和工作满意度的影响 ——职业延迟满足的中介作用分析

以321名企业员工为被试,通过自编的职业延迟满足问卷,考察了企业员工的职业延迟满足在组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺、工作满意度影响过程中的中介作用。结果表明：职业延迟满足与组织职业生涯管理、职业承诺、工作满意度存在显著正相关;工作年限等人口统计学变量对职业延迟满足没有显著的预测作用;公平晋升、注重培训对职业延迟满足有显著的预测作用;职业延迟满足在组织职业生涯管理对职业承诺、工作满意度影响过程中存在中介作用;在结构方程模型中,职业延迟满足在公平晋升、注重培训与职业承诺、工作满意度之间存在中介作用;而职业延迟满足在职业发展与职业承诺、工作满意度之间不存在中介作用     

无聊：一个久远而又新兴的研究主题

无聊是个体由于知觉到生活无意义而产生的负性情绪体验, 它会直接或间接地影响各种社会心理功能。目前, 有关心理健康、社会适应、学业成绩等一系列心理问题的研究已经揭示了无聊的负性作用。但是, 无聊领域的研究还停留在理论探讨和相关研究层面, 概念定义尚没有完全统一, 缺乏系统的理论和完整的模型结构。未来研究可进一步深入探究无聊的作用机制, 并制定有效的干预方案来改善人们的无聊状态。     

游戏暴力合理性对攻击性的影响:一个有中介的调节模型

本研究基于道德推脱和道德自我调节理论,以62名大学生为被试,通过实验探讨了游戏暴力合理性对个体攻击性的影响,并考察了内疚感的中介作用以及游戏经验的调节作用。结果表明：游戏经验调节了游戏暴力合理性对内疚感和攻击性的影响。对无经验的被试来说,不合理暴力条件下的内疚感显著高于合理暴力条件,攻击性显著低于合理暴力条件;而对有经验的被试来说,合理与不合理暴力条件下的内疚感和攻击性均无显著差异。同时,研究还发现了有中介的调节作用模型,内疚感在暴力合理性对攻击性的影响中发挥中介作用,而游戏经验是有中介的调节变量。     

发展性计算障碍的最新研究进展

发展性计算障碍是一种影响算术技能获得的特定的学习障碍。截至目前,有关发展性计算障碍的认知与神经机制的理论尚存分歧,有关诊断与鉴别标准也未统一。近年来,对于发展性计算障碍的理论假设有从一般认知因素取向到数学特定因素取向发展的趋势。而随着脑成像技术的不断发展,对于发展性计算障碍神经机制的研究也从针对单个脑区的特异性功能发展到从功能连接网络角度进行研究。并且研究者们开始尝试开发基于数学认知基本理论的干预方法,并采用了利用生物技术手段的新方法。基因-脑-行为的整合研究将有助于全面揭示发展性计算障碍的发生机制,而建立在系统理论基础上经过科学评估的干预手段将可能有效促进障碍者的计算能力。     

由元代道教史籍看道教诸神信仰——以真武大帝、文昌帝君、纯阳帝君为例

道教信仰中的真武大帝、文昌帝君、纯阳帝君等神灵,在庞大的道教神仙谱系及国家祀典中占有很重要的位置,在元代道教史籍中也是重点记述的对象.对他们进行深人研究,不但对厘清道教神系的变化发展具有重要的意义,而且对于进一步认识古代官方与道教信仰的关系,也有一定的参考价值.     

Statistical Learning of Unfamiliar Sounds as Trajectories Through a Perceptual Similarity Space

In typical statistical learning studies, researchers define sequences in terms of the probability of the next item in the sequence given the current item (or items), and they show that high probability sequences are treated as more familiar than low probability sequences. Existing accounts of these phenomena all assume that participants represent statistical regularities more or less as they are defined by the experimenters—as sequential probabilities of symbols in a string. Here we offer an alternative, or possibly supplementary, hypothesis. Specifically, rather than identifying or labeling individual stimuli discretely in order to predict the next item in a sequence, we need only assume that the participant is able to represent the stimuli as evincing particular similarity relations to one another, with sequences represented as trajectories through this similarity space. We present experiments in which this hypothesis makes sharply different predictions from hypotheses based on the assumption that sequences are learned over discrete, labeled stimuli. We also present a series of simulation models that encode stimuli as positions in a continuous two‐dimensional space, and predict the next location from the current location. Although no model captures all of the data presented here, the results of three critical experiments are more consistent with the view that participants represent trajectories through similarity space rather than sequences of discrete labels under particular conditions.     

Stimulated release of tissue plasminogen activator from artery wall sympathetic nerves: implications for stress-associated wall damage

Recurrent stress is clinically associated with early onset hypertension and coronary artery disease. A mechanism linking emotion to pathogenic remodeling of the artery wall has not been identified. Stress stimulates acute regulated release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) into the circulation, which is presently attributed to the vascular endothelium. Sympathetic neurons also synthesize t-PA and axonally transport it to the arterial smooth muscle. Unlike release by the endothelium, a stress-stimulated sympathetic discharge would potentially accelerate degradation of the wall matrix by plasmin. To assess whether sympathetic axons are the principal source of acute stress-induced arterial release of t-PA, we compared the output from small densely innervated and large sparsely innervated isolated artery segments before and after sympathetic stimulation, and after ablations. Following phenylephrine infusion densely-innervated microvessels in uveal eyecups were released over 60-fold greater amounts of active t-PA per milligram than the sparsely innervated aorta; and ten-fold more than carotid artery segments. Mesenteric artery release was 4.8-fold greater than release by the carotid artery. In vivo, uveal release of t-PA increased more than three-fold within one minute following superior cervical sympathetic ganglion electrical stimulation, and after phenylephrine, or nicotine infusions of the anterior chamber. Circulating levels of t-PA fell 70% following chemical sympathectomy. We propose that sympathetic nerves are the primary source of stress-induced release of t-PA into and from the densely innervated resistance arteries and arterioles, where dysregulated plasmin-induced proteolysis could damage the wall matrix.     

The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of students' intentions to become entrepreneurs. The authors used structural equation modeling with a sample of 265 master of business administration students across 5 universities to test their hypotheses. The results showed that the effects of perceived learning from entrepreneurship-related courses, previous entrepreneurial experience, and risk propensity on entrepreneurial intentions were fully mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Contrary to expectations, gender was not mediated by self-efficacy but had a direct effect such that women reported lower entrepreneurial career intentions. The authors discuss practical implications and directions for future research.     

表演式学习──表演理论对“最近发展区”的发展

美国当代心理学家、剧作家、表演理论的创始人弗雷德·纽曼（FredNewman）及其同事致力于在实践中发展维果茨基的理论,从表演的维度探讨了zpd的概念,并以此为核心提出了表演式学习的概念,以区别于在当今社会大行其道的工具性学习,即以获取知识和技能为目的的学习。表演理论通过对工具性学习的消极影响的批判及对表演式学习的倡导,在人的教育和发展方面提出了独到见解。