The middle class Japanese father: A survey of parents of preschoolers

This study examined the evolution and current status of middle class Japanese fathers. 1147 pairs of fathers and mothers participated in a questionnaire survey which covered 4 topics: the paternal role, childrearing goals, characteristics of fathers, and recollections of one's own parents. The respondents defined the father primarily as a breadwinner, support to the mother, and link between children and society. Men ranked the paternal role as their most important role, yet very few fathers were said to be actively involved with their children. The two most common goals of parents were to raise healthy children who could fit into society. A majority of men recalled that their own fathers seldom played with them, and 41% did not think that their fathers were good role models as parents. Finally, men and women both assigned different relative values to their 5 roles (parent, spouse, worker, male/female, and person), compared with the priorities they attributed to their own parents.