幸福感的稳态与跃迁：一个新的整合视角

以往的实证和理论研究对幸福感稳定性与变化性问题持有不同观点。设定点理论认为幸福感通常保持在设定点位置, 动态平衡理论(及其变式——主观幸福感稳态理论)进一步强调幸福感在围绕设定点的某个范围内波动而呈动态平衡状态, 享乐适应理论在动态平衡理论基础上从情绪适应的角度分析了幸福感维持稳定的原因, 这三个理论均强调幸福感维持在某个平衡水平。相反, 持续幸福理论强调幸福感是可以提升的, 能发生长期的变化。这些理论观点的差异本质在于如何看待幸福感的稳定性与变化性, 我们借用生物学中的“稳态”“稳态应激”概念及物理学中的“跃迁”思想, 认为幸福感不仅存在稳态, 也会出现稳态应激, 并可由此引起幸福感稳态的跃升。这一整合视角为幸福感研究提供了新的解释框架, 也对幸福感的持续提升有启发意义。     

甘精胰岛素注射时段对2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖的影响

比较甘精胰岛素在不同时段注射对2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖的影响。最终选择89例2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组接受甘精胰岛素早餐前（A组,n=46）和夜间睡前（B组,n=43）注射治疗,观察两组患者空腹血糖的变化。结果显示,所有患者使用甘精胰岛素治疗以后,空腹血糖水平较治疗前均有明显下降,具有统计学差异（P均〈0.001）。但B...     

从胰腺移植到胰岛干细胞移植

糖尿病学家在胰腺及胰岛细胞移植领域进行了不懈的探索。胰腺移植和胰岛细胞移植的两大制约因素是可供移植的胰腺来源少且诱发受体免疫排斥反应而需应用免疫抑制剂。胰岛细胞制备、纯化技术以及免疫隔离技术的应用在一定程度上克服了上述两大制约因素，人们期待胰岛干细胞技术及其相关的基因技术的深入将这一技术趋于完善。     

前列腺素E1注射液治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病临床观察

比较不同剂量的前列腺素E1注射液在早期2型糖尿病肾病患者中的临床疗效.最终随机纳入91例早期2型糖尿病肾病患者,分别接受10μg/d(A组,n=47)与20μg/d(B组,n=44)的前列腺素E1治疗,2周后观察8小时尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)的变化.结果显示,两组患者治疗后UAER、BUN、Cr均较治疗前明显下降,都具有统计学差异(P均<0.05),但A、B两组之间UAER下降幅度不一,B组较A组下降幅度更明显,具有统计学差异(P<0.001);两者之间BUN下降幅度相比没有统计学差异(P>0.05).两者之间的Cr下降幅度相比有统计学差异(P<0.05).由此推断,前列腺素El治疗早期糖尿病肾病,降低尿蛋白确实有效,而且前列腺素E1 20μg/d的剂量要比10μg/d降低尿蛋白效果更好.     

Creating Play Atmosphere and Time for Children in Chinese Kindergarten: Difficulties and Reflection

Schools’ busy situation is far away from its Greek root “Scholé” that means leisure time compared with political duty and war at that era which is also similar in ancient China. From the leisure point of view, school should be relax and free for young children in kindergarten. This means that play should take the most time on the schedule. Unfortunately, Political class skillfully disseminating serious competition among nations to deliver anxiety on young generations’ education to the public,which makes parents and school system highly valued formal learning much more than play. Chinese kindergarten may be have the longest formal learning time due to its history emphasis on learning from the model. Endure hardship as the basic habit from the younger children for the nature of life is full of hardship in Chinese philosophy. These underpinned ideas encounter great challenges from the Western early childhood education which puts more emphasis on play. Play is conceived as children’s life itself, in which integrated learning can happen and is much more suitable and abundant for young children than formal learning. Although Chinese Educational Ministry promulgated kindergarten work regulation and educational guideline to make play as the basic activity in 1996 and 2001,there are still lots of factors that impede kindergartens implement play in practice. Lack of free time in kindergarten both on schedule and in fact is the obvious sign. This paper wants to reflect those factors in cultural perspective and try to use variety meanings of time especially subjective time to analysis the practice on reconstructing kindergartens’ play atmosphere and time, and the findings on creating different inter-subjective time for young children.     

甘精胰岛素注射时段对2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖的影响

比较甘精胰岛素在不同时段注射对2型糖尿痛患者空腹血糖的影响.最终选择89例2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组接受甘精胰岛素早餐前(A组,n=46)和夜间睡前(B组,n=43)注射治疗,观察两组患者空腹血糖的变化.结果显示,所有患者使用甘精胰岛素治疗以后,空腹血糖水平较治疗前均有明显下降,具有统计学差异(P均<0.001).但B组的空腹血糖水平下降幅度更为明显,两者相比具有统计学差异(P<0.001).故在相同剂量的情况下,夜间睡前注射甘精胰岛素较晨间注射具有更强的降糖幅度,效果更好.     

胸腔闭式引流术后感染相关因素的探讨与对策

胸腔闭式引流术是一项有创性操作,多种因素可能会引起胸膜腔及肺内感染。为了预防及处理胸腔闭式引流术后的相关性感染,我们从临床角度讨论更换胸腔闭式引流瓶的间隔时间、胸腔闭式引流管口的消毒、胸腔引流液逆流的预防、胸腔引流管的更换以及由于留置胸腔闭式引流引起的肺内感染的处理等问题,为临床医护人员对该项操作提供参考和对策。     

类比推理的发展理论评析

类比在认知科学领域具有特殊的地位,儿童类比推理能力的发展是其认知发展的重要成分之一。本文系统介绍了类比推理发展研究中的几个重要理论,即能力限制说、知识经验说和关系转换说等。在此基础上,作者进一步对类比推理发展研究中涉及的几个焦点问题,如类比推理出现的最早年龄,类比推理发展的影响因素及类比推理的发展趋势等进行了综合评析。     

Effects of gender similarity on relationships between person–group value fit and work attitudes

The present study assessed the effect of gender similarity as a potential moderator of the relationships between person–group (P–G) value fit and work attitudes. Specifically, we predicted that the effect of P–G value fit (in terms of social integration values) on individual attitudes would be stronger for individuals who had a similar gender than those of a different gender. Based on data obtained from 197 employees in South Korea, we found that when the focal individual had high gender similarity with his or her group, the relationships between P–G value fit and job satisfaction and between P–G value fit and turnover intentions were more prominent. Furthermore, these moderating effects were significant for men, but not for women.     

从我国现行法律看安乐死的实施

安乐死作为自然人在特殊情况下对自己生命自主选择的权利,涉及人的生命权益,有关生命权立法是安乐死问题的关键.安乐死的实施与我国现行法律对生命权的严格维护产生冲突,需要我国用法律的形式肯定安乐死,并对现行法律做出适当调整,为安乐死立法留下法律空间.