Re-examining hope: The roles of agency thinking and pathways thinking

A considerable amount of research in hope is driven by Snyder's (1994) model which proposes that hope is positively associated with agency thinking and pathways thinking. However, the current research suggests that hope as understood by the layperson (Hope) is only associated with agency thinking and not with pathways thinking. This was found over four studies using different agency and pathways variables, different Hope variables, different methods, and different cultures. Implications of these findings for Snyder's model are discussed.     

Inhibition of return in perception and action

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the delay in responses to previously cued locations. Whether IOR influences perceptual and/or motor processes has been controversial. To determine IOR effects on perception and action, this study examined IOR in spatially directed hand reaching (Experiment 1) and spatial localization of targets with a mouse cursor (i.e., an indirect visuomotor mapping/perceptual task; Experiment 2). The reaction times showed delayed responses for targets appearing within the whole cued hemifield for both tasks. However, hypometric spatial biases were consistently found only with directed reaching. Spatial biases in the mouse localization task were indirectly influenced by IOR and distinct from those in the reaching task. The dissociation in spatial characteristics for directed reaching vs. perception suggests that the effects of IOR are task dependent, but may be more directly linked to the dorsal motor system.     

A study on purchasing behavior of teenagers in Taiwan: example of counterfeit goods

This study has established a relationship model encompassing such aspects as consumer values, consumer involvement, purchase behavior, and consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, taking counterfeit goods as an example, this study employs factor analysis, reliability analysis, and the structural equation model to verify the relationship between the research aspects. Another major discovery of this study was that teenagers' behavioral purchasing mentality is graphic, hyperlinked, and is geared toward useful situations and functional needs. When they consider their degree of need, they inevitably incorporate many emotional needs. However, their attitude toward counterfeit goods is rational, which is confirmed by the fact that Hypothesis 1 was not supported.     

Psychological contracts and innovative behavior: a moderated path analysis of work engagement and job resources

This study explored the relationships between psychological contract types and innovative behavior. We focused on the mediating effect of work engagement and the moderating effect of job resources (organizational and social resources). Participants were 267 dyads of research and development engineers and their supervisors from 30 high‐tech companies. Moderated path analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that: (a) work engagement fully mediated the negative relationship between transactional contracts and innovative behavior; in addition, it also fully mediated the positive relationship between relational contracts and innovative behavior; and (b) job resources attenuated the former and strengthened the latter mediating effects. These findings contribute to understanding how, why, and when psychological contract types lead to innovative behavior via work engagement.     

Toward a theoretical model to understand teacher emotions and teacher burnout in the context of student misbehavior: Appraisal, regulation and coping

Compared with other professions, teachers in P-12 schools appear to experience a higher level of emotional exhaustion (see review in Maslach et al. in Ann Rev Psychol 52(1):397, 2001; Schaufeli and Enzmann in The burnout companion to study and practice: a critical analysis, Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1998). The purpose of this study is to examine teacher emotions within the context of teachers’ appraisals and the ways they regulate and cope with their emotions. The study explores teachers’ appraisals of disruptive classroom behavior situations and investigates the adaptive coping and emotion regulation strategies that ease teacher burnout. Data were collected from 492 teachers in the US Midwest and subjected to hypothesis testing using structural equation modeling. The model provides evidence supporting a pathway between teachers’ antecedent judgments and their experience of emotion, as well as providing evidence for how the consequent emotions contribute to teachers’ feelings of burnout. This study further validates the relationships between the appraisals teachers make about an incident and the correlative intensity of emotions. Several hypotheses are either supported or partially supported after testing alternate models. Discussion and implications regarding teacher emotion regulation and coping are provided.     

视觉和听觉通道下减法与乘法心算加工的ERP特征

研究加工通道的差异以及减法和乘法心算的编码特征,选择100道心算算式,在视觉和听觉两种输入通道下记录并分析了14例正常人的脑事件相关电位(ERP)。结果发现,视觉和听觉通道引发了趋势相反的早中期成分,在额区和中央区产生了显著分离。在慢波阶段,听觉通道下更多激活了颞区,而视觉通道下更多激活了顶-枕区,且慢电位的ERP特征也表现出通道差异。减法和乘法运算以左半球激活为主,但听觉通道下的顶区和颞区出现了显著的右半球优势。减法在视觉通道下优势较大,说明其主要依赖视空间表征;而乘法在听觉通道下更具优势,则主要是由于其以听觉的言语表征方式为主。     

Why Do Young People Multitask With Multiple Media? Explicating the Relationships Among Sensation Seeking,Needs, and Media Multitasking Behavior

This study investigates the reason that young people multitask with multiple media. This study extends uses and gratification (U&G) theory by adding arousal theory to explain the mediated relationships among sensation seeking, needs for media use, and media multitasking behavior, thus, synthesizing previous studies that have supported the direct effect models. This project is based on an online survey of 938 valid respondents from four universities in different areas of Taiwan. The data supported the proposed mediation model and results show that high convenience, high social, and low efficiency needs for media use perfectly mediate the effect of sensation seeking on media multitasking frequency.     

基于“相关线索-自动化用药行为”联结的成瘾记忆消退

成瘾记忆消退致力于消除成瘾者相关线索与药物奖赏效应的联结,以达到消除心理渴求、戒断成瘾行为的目的,但其效果还十分有限。最近,大量的动物和人类实验研究发现:在相关线索下,成瘾者的激活脑区不仅包括中脑边缘皮层-背内侧纹状体,还延伸到感觉运动脑区-背外侧纹状体。这意味着成瘾记忆中存在相关线索与自动化(习惯性)用药行为的联结。所以,与成瘾相关的记忆可能包含两种不同的成分:一是与药物奖赏效应相关的情绪记忆,另一种是与用药动作、技能有关的动作记忆(程序记忆)。由于在成瘾阶段,药物奖赏效应对药物使用和复发的作用已经相对减少,因此,针对成瘾记忆的消退训练,以相关线索与自动化用药行为的联结为标靶,可能可以取得更好的效果,值得做进一步的深入探索。     

The Counseling Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients

The counseling experiences of 13 transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals were examined via semistructured, in‐depth interviews. Using multiple standards of trustworthiness (e.g., member checking, negative case analysis), the authors analyzed each interview from an interpretative phenomenological analytic framework. Four main themes were identified: mental health professional selection process, transaffirmative approach, transnegative approach, and support systems beyond counseling. Implications for implementing culturally responsive TGNC affirmative counseling, TGNC sensitive counselor training, and social justice–oriented research are discussed.