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991.
Mark Siebel 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(3):417-426
In part 4 of Meaning, Expression, and Thought, Davis rejects what he calls Fregean ideational theories, according to which the meaning of an expression is an idea; and
then presents his own account, which states that, e.g., the meaning of ‘Primzahl’ in German is the property of meaning prime number. Before casting doubt on the latter ontology of meanings, I come to Frege’s defence by pointing out that he was not an advocate
of the position Davis named after him because Fregean senses are not lexical meanings and Fregean thoughts are not types of
mental events.
相似文献
Mark SiebelEmail: |
992.
Recent and puzzling experimental results suggest that people’s judgments as to whether or not an action was performed intentionally
are sensitive to moral considerations. In this paper, we outline these results and evaluate two accounts which purport to
explain them. We then describe a recent experiment that allegedly vindicates one of these accounts and present our own findings
to show that it fails to do so. Finally, we present additional data suggesting no such vindication could be in the offing
and that, in fact, both accounts fail to explain the initial, puzzling results they were purported to explain.
相似文献
Hagop SarkissianEmail: |
993.
Mark Heller 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(1):83-101
The Donkey Problem (as I am calling it) concerns the relationship between more and less fundamental ontologies. I will claim
that the moral to draw from the Donkey Problem is that the less fundamental objects are merely conventional. This conventionalism
has consequences for the 3D/4D debate. Four-dimensionalism is motivated by a desire to avoid coinciding objects, but once
we accept that the non-fundamental ontology is conventional there is no longer any reason to reject coincidence. I therefore
encourage 4Dists to become even more radical—embrace the Donkey Problem’s conventionalism and deflate the debate between 3Dists
and 4Dists.
相似文献
Mark HellerEmail: |
994.
Mark Moyer 《Philosophical Studies》2008,138(1):125-150
Kim argues that weak and global supervenience are too weak to guarantee any sort of dependency. Of the three original forms
of supervenience, strong, weak, and global, each commonly wielded across all branches of philosophy, two are thus cast aside
as uninteresting or useless. His arguments, however, fail to appreciate the strength of weak and global supervenience. I investigate
what weak and global supervenience relations are functionally and how they relate to strong supervenience. For a large class
of properties, weak and global supervenience are equivalent to strong supervenience. I then offer a series of arguments showing that it is precisely because of their strength, not their
weakness, that both weak and global supervenience are useless in characterizing any dependencies of interest to philosophers.
相似文献
Mark MoyerEmail: |
995.
Mark Colyvan 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):115-123
In this paper I present an argument for belief in inconsistent objects. The argument relies on a particular, plausible version of scientific realism, and the fact that often our best scientific theories are inconsistent. It is not clear what to make of this argument. Is it a reductio of the version of scientific realism under consideration? If it is, what are the alternatives? Should we just accept the conclusion? I will argue (rather tentatively and suitably qualified) for a positive answer to the last question: there are times when it is legitimate to believe in inconsistent objects. 相似文献
996.
Howe ML 《Psychological bulletin》2008,134(5):768-72; discussion 773-7
In this commentary, assumptions about the nature and development of children's false memories as described in a recent article by C. J. Brainerd, V. F. Reyna, and S. J. Ceci (2008) are reviewed. Specifically, questions are raised about what drives the development of false memories in fuzzy-trace theory (FTT). Recent studies that challenge a core assumption of FTT, that false memory illusions increase across development as children learn to establish meaningful connections across items (i.e., establish gist), are discussed. An alternative conceptualization of the development of false memory illusions, associative-activation theory (AAT), is presented. AAT provides as viable an account of the development of false memory illusions as does FTT and anticipates a unique set of outcomes that have recently appeared in the developmental literature on false memory illusions. 相似文献
997.
A commonly used screening tool for psychopathology, the Brief Symptom Inventory, provides normative data for assessing current mental functioning across multiple domains. Using data from 654 psychiatric inpatients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted for three scales, Depression, Paranoid Ideation, and Psychoticism. t ratios identified significant group differences on the Depression scale between patients diagnosed with or without depression but no differences on the Paranoid Ideation and Psychoticism scales between patients diagnosed with or without schizophrenia. Area under the curve for Depression was .65, indicating that the scale improved diagnostic prediction somewhat beyond chance; for Paranoid Ideation, the area was .52 and for Psychoticism, the area was .53, indicating that these two scales did not significantly improve diagnostic prediction beyond chance. 相似文献
998.
Laidre ME 《Animal cognition》2008,11(2):179-187
Studies of intraspecific behavioral variability have documented cases where behaviors are present in some populations or groups
but are absent in others. In some cases these differences cannot be explained by recourse to environmental or genetic variation,
and may instead represent “traditions”. Despite many examples of animal traditions in acoustic communication, relatively few
examples exist of gestural traditions. Here I report on a study of communication across eight captive groups of mandrills
(Mandrillus sphinx) in which a prominent gesture (Hand extension) was unique to two groups. Habitat variability, genetic differences, and sampling
bias were not sufficient to account for the gesture’s limited distribution across the study groups. Within the two groups
where the gesture did occur only the juveniles in the group performed it, consistently directing it toward adults. Quantitative
analysis of the contexts and responses associated with the gesture suggested that juveniles utilized it to provoke adults.
Moreover, the gesture appeared to minimize the risk juveniles incurred while inciting adults, suggesting that repeated social
interactions shaped the gesture’s form. Interestingly, both the groups where the gesture emerged contained few juveniles.
With limited play partners, these juveniles may have resorted to harassing adults as an alternative social play outlet. The
creation of this novel gesture may thus be due to the combined influence of a shortage of play partners and of the increased
free time for playful social exploration afforded by captivity. Although juveniles frequently “eavesdropped” on dyadic interactions
involving the gesture and would subsequently initiate an interaction with the recipient of the gesture, there was no definitive
evidence for social transmission; the gesture could instead have been independently invented by each juvenile.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
999.
1000.
The present work investigated the effect of modelling on children's pretend play behaviour. Thirty‐seven children aged between 27 and 41 months were given 4 min of free play with a dollhouse and associated toy props (pre‐modelling phase). Using dolls, an experimenter then acted out a series of vignettes involving object substitutions, imaginary play and attribution of properties. Children were subsequently provided with an additional 4 min free play (post‐modelling phase). Consistent with past research, more pretence was exhibited after modelling than before. Furthermore, in the post‐modelling phase, children were as likely to generate their own novel pretence as they were to copy the actions demonstrated by the experimenter. They also increased the number of novel symbolic acts involving imaginary play from the pre‐ to the post‐modelling phase. This study highlights how young children will not only imitate a model's demonstration of pretend acts but also use this demonstration to catalyze the creation of their own pretence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献