非法行医罪的司法现状与治理完善——某省近五年105例司法案例的实证分析

从中国裁判文书网上检索自2017年1月5日至2021年12月24日近五年间发生在湖北的全部105例非法行医罪案例的一审判决书,以此为数据依据,并通过查找相关文献进行综合研究。发现近年来非法行医罪多发生于“黑诊所”内,主体为未取得医生执业资格的人,发生患者身体健康受到严重损害甚至死亡的结果。结合理论争议与司法实践,从相关司法判决和统计数据出发,围绕“情节严重”“执业资格”“非法行医行为”等焦点问题进行深入分析,指出非法行医罪治理的困境,在此基础上为治理非法行医罪提供有益建议和对策。

     

中国传染病疫情应急管理政策的变迁研究

为理解我国在传染病疫情方面治理的规律和逻辑,探究传染病疫情应急管理政策变化的缘由,提升传染病疫情防控的可行性,选取间断均衡理论构建传染病疫情应急管理政策的分析框架,并选取中国从1949年～2022年传染病疫情的相关政策文件进行文本分析。研究表明,中国传染病疫情应急管理政策的变迁共有五个均衡期和三个间断点,具有长期均衡到短暂间断到再均衡的非线性变迁特征,外部焦点事件的发生和政策目标的转变皆会引发政策变迁,且驱动作用逐步增强,政策场域决策层由单一主体向多元主体转化。

     

公民健康权益视野下计划疫苗损害责任之探析

为了促进计划疫苗损害救济的实现, 保障公民健康权益, 基于法的规范分析, 计划疫苗预防接种应是一种具体行政行为, 体现了强制医疗法律关系。接种单位在履行预防接种职责时, 如果造成了受种者损害, 其损害赔偿应属于国家赔偿的范畴。计划疫苗预防接种行政行为损害赔偿责任构成要件具体包括:预防接种行为中的侵权主体属于国家赔偿责任的主体、有违法的预防接种行为、有预防接种法律损害事实、预防接种违法行为和损害后果之间存在因果关系。     

Judgment of numerosity: effects of symmetry and goodness in dot pattern arrays

Studies of numerosity judgment characteristically use random dot arrays as targets. A few recent studies have shown concern for the role played by configural properties of the pattern array in the judgment of numerosity. The primary purpose of the present short report was to establish whether amount of whole symmetry and part symmetry in an array affects the accuracy of numerosity judgment. A subsidiary purpose was to explore the relationship between probability of correct judgment of numerosity and independent data on the immediate recallability of the same pattern arrays. Two hundred patterns with array sizes 1–11 and five amounts of whole and part symmetry were used. There were two clear findings. One, that the probability of correct numerosity judgment increases with amount of whole symmetry but not of part symmetry. Two, that such probability scores yield essentially zero correlations with two measures of pattern recallability and with a measure of pattern goodness. The findings are consistent with the arguments (a) that whole symmetry is rapidly abstracted at a very early stage and facilitates parallel processing of numerosity, and (b) that the numerosity of an array is assessed sooner than the spatial locations of the configuration per se can be encoded.     

A Case Study of Solution-Focused Brief Family Therapy

Abstract

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) was developed as a form of family therapy. Recently, these features have blurred. This case study explores how Insoo Kim Berg interacts with multiple family members in SFBT. The results indicate that she used a circular procedure to ensure that all the family members were involved in the process. The analysis demonstrates the importance of purposeful use of language and the influence of systems theory in SFBT. SFBT provides a useful framework that enables a family therapist to work together with families to help them make the changes they want with their own strengths and resources.     

Children’s Responses to Computer‐Synthesized Speech in Educational Media: Gender Consistency and Gender Similarity Effects

This study examines children’s social responses to gender cues in synthesized speech in a computer‐based instruction setting. Eighty 5th‐grade elementary school children were randomly assigned to one of the conditions in a full‐factorial 2 (participant gender) × 2 (voice gender) × 2 (content gender) experiment. Results show that children apply gender‐based social rules to synthesized speech. More specifically, children evaluate synthesized speech more positively, trust the speech more, and learn more effectively when voice gender matches either content gender (consistency attraction) and/or their own gender (similarity attraction). Children’s computer self‐efficacy was a significant covariate for their social responses to synthesized speech. Theoretical and practical implications of the current study for the design of educational media are discussed.     

儿童类比推理的影响因素及干预促进

类比推理这一重要认知能力能够帮助儿童在未经历过的复杂情况下进行推断和学习。近年来研究者主要从行为研究、计算机模型和眼动技术的角度探究了儿童抑制控制和工作记忆在类比推理中的交互作用模式及类比推理策略对类比推理的影响。在此基础上,研究者围绕语言标签和物理表征两方面对儿童类比推理进行了干预研究。儿童类比推理的未来研究应着眼于改进研究方法、关注类比推理各加工阶段影响因素及加强儿童类比推理策略的干预应用研究。