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131.
132.
Although structured group formats have become increasingly popular, few articles have been written describing the training sequences or strategies for the leaders of these groups. The authors describe a class that used a structured model to teach the design, leadership, and evaluation of structured groups. Thus, the class was designed to be a model structured group experience. Specific segments of the 16 class segments are outlined and described. 相似文献
133.
134.
The study examined Deci's (Deci, E. L. Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press, 1975) hypotheses regarding the effects of contingent rewards on intrinsic task interest. Seventy-two male university students worked on a series of puzzles and were given either a high value reward ($1.50) or a low value reward ($.45). The money was given either contingent upon the simple execution of the task (task-contingent), contingent upon the ostensible attainment of a performance criterion level (criterion-contingent), or noncontingent and unexpected (control). Compared to the high payment control subjects, subjects who received the task-contingent high reward rated the task as less interesting, while subjects who received the criterion-contingent high reward rated it as more interesting. Also, subjects expressed less interest in the task after receiving the high task-contingent reward than the low task-contingent reward, but indicated greater interest after receiving the high criterion-contingent reward than the low criterion-contingent reward. It was concluded that substantial support was obtained for Deci's (1975) cognitive evaluation theory. 相似文献
135.
Nancy L. Segal Shirley A. McGuire Steven A. Miller June Havlena 《Personality and individual differences》2008,45(7):607-612
Game theorists have long been interested in why some partners are more successful at achieving mutual goals than others. The present study was conducted to determine if tacit coordination (non-negotiated consensus) varies as a function of genetic relatedness between social partners. The sample included 7–13-year-old monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (n = 53), dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (n = 85) and virtual twin (VT) pairs (n = 42; same-age unrelated siblings). Co-twin agreement on questions completed under individual and coordination conditions was compared across the three groups. MZ twins showed significantly greater overall agreement than DZ twins and VTs, using multiple criteria. The implications of these findings are considered with reference to behavioral-genetic and evolutionary theories of behavior. 相似文献
136.
The authors examined the association between psychopathy and identification of facial expressions of emotion. Previous research in this area is scant and has produced contradictory findings (Blair et. al., 2001, 2004; Glass & Newman, 2006; Kosson et al., 2002). One hundred and forty-five male jail inmates, rated using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version participated in a facial affect recognition task. Participants were shown faces containing one of five emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, or shame) displayed at one of two different levels of intensity of expression (100% or 60%). The authors predicted that psychopathy would be associated with decreased affect recognition, particularly for sad and fearful emotional expressions, and decreased recognition of less intense displays of facial affect. Results were largely consistent with expectations in that psychopathy was negatively correlated with overall facial recognition of affect, sad facial affect, and recognition of less intense displays of affect. An unexpected negative correlation with recognition of happy facial affect was also found. These results suggest that psychopathy may be associated with a general deficit in affect recognition. 相似文献
137.
Peters JA Beckjord EB Banda Ryan DR Carr AG Vadaparampil ST Loud JT Korde L Greene MH 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(4):351-364
Purpose
It was our aim to determine baseline levels of testicular cancer and genetics knowledge among members of families with Familial Testicular Cancer (FTC). 相似文献138.
Blaine SM Carroll JC Rideout AL Glendon G Meschino W Shuman C Telner D Van Iderstine N Permaul J 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(2):189-195
Background Family physicians (FPs) are increasingly involved in delivering genetic services. Familiarization with aspects of genetic
counseling may enable FPs to help patients make informed choices.
Purpose Exploration of interactive role-play as a means to raise FPs’ awareness of the process and content of genetic counseling.
Methods FPs attending two large Canadian family medicine conferences in 2005 were eligible—93 participated. FPs discussed a case during
a one-on-one session with a genetic counselor. Evaluation involved pre and post intervention questionnaires
Results FPs’ baseline genetic knowledge was self-rated as uniformly poor. Baseline confidence was highest in eliciting family history
and providing psychosocial support and lowest in discussing risks/benefits of genetic testing and counseling process. Post-intervention,
80% of FPs had better appreciation of family history and 97% indicated this was an effective learning experience.
Conclusions Role-play with FPs is effective in raising awareness of the process and content of genetic counseling and may be applied to
other health disciplines.
This research was funded by: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Institute of Genetics, The Genetics Education
Project (funded by the Ontario Women’s Health Council), and GeneSens (funded by a CIHR Interdisciplinary Capacity Enhancement
Team Grant). 相似文献
139.
Recent evidence suggests that reflective (i.e., distanced-why), as compared to ruminative (i.e., immersed-why), processing of negative memories is associated with reductions in negative affect. The present study extended this line of work by examining the effect of these two processing conditions on positive memories among persons with bipolar disorder (BD; n = 27) and a healthy control group (CT; n = 27). After a resting baseline period, participants were instructed to recall a happy autobiographical memory. Using a within-subjects design, participants were asked to process the happy memory in two different experimental conditions (reflective, ruminative) while their experiential, behavioral, and autonomic responses were measured. Consistent with hypotheses, reflective processing was associated with lower self-reported positive affect, positive thoughts, and heart rate compared to ruminative processing for all participants. When current symptoms were controlled for, BD participants reported greater positive affect across both conditions relative to CT participants. Prospective studies are needed to test the extent to which processing of positive emotion contributes to the course of symptoms in bipolar disorder. 相似文献
140.