SLIPATM喉罩在眼外科手术中的应用

探讨SILipATM喉罩用于全麻眼外科手术对患者血流动力学、呼吸功能和围术期并发症的影响.60例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级在全麻下实施眼外科手术的患者,随机分为SLIPATM通气道组(30例)和气管内插管组(30例).在麻醉诱导前(T0)、插入SLIPATM通气道/气管导管后即刻(T1)、插入SLIPATM通气道/气管导管后5min(T2)、10 min(T3)和切皮时(T4)、拔管后即刻(T5),拔管后10min(T6),记录SBP、DBP、HR和平均气道阻力(RAWM).每组随机抽取7例患者应用高效液相色谱分析法测定血浆肾上腺素(AE)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平.气管插管组T2,T5时SBP、DBP、HR显著高于SLIPATM通气道组(P<0.05);AE、NE、在T2、T5,T6时均显著高于SLIPATM通气道组(P<0.05).全麻SLIPATM喉罩通气用于眼外科手术患者优于气管插管,易于维持血流动力学稳定,应激反应轻微,围术期并发症少,全麻后恢复平稳.     

More than a feeling: discrete emotions mediate the relationship between relative deprivation and reactions to workplace furloughs

A key insight from investigations of individual relative deprivation (IRD) is that people can experience objective disadvantages differently. In this study, university faculty (N = 953) who reported greater IRD in response to a mandatory furlough (i.e., involuntary pay reductions) were more likely to (a) voice options designed to improve the university (voice), (b) consider leaving their job (exit), and (c) neglect their work responsibilities (neglect), but were (d) less likely to express loyalty to the university (loyalty). Consistent with the emotions literature, (a) anger mediated the relationship between IRD and voice, (b) fear between IRD and exit, (c) sadness between IRD and neglect, and (d) gratitude between IRD and loyalty. IRD was inversely associated with self-reported physical and mental health via these different emotional pathways. These results show how discrete emotions can explain responses to IRD and, in turn, contribute to organizational viability and the health of its members.     

西方心理学的马克思主义研究取向评述

当今国外心理学研究的各流派中涌现出了马克思主义新取向。这显示了马克思主义思想要素的影响力及其对心理学科发展的积极贡献,体现出马克思主义新的生命活力和科学创新精神。但同时,心理学的马克思主义取向研究也遇到了巨大的阻抗力量,马克思主义也面临着严峻的考验。当前,如何认识心理学研究中马克思主义的理论资源,在辩证唯物主义精神的指引下推动心理学的研究,是中国心理学界需要进一步研究和解决的重大问题之一。     

刍议现代普通外科的进展和展望

随着科学技术的进步,现代普通外科学科取得了突飞猛进的发展,其学科范畴不断扩大;微创外科和器官移植成为发展方向;高新材料和高新技术在临床逐渐应用;传统的外科处理方式不断改进和创新;通过基因水平诊断和治疗疾病成为可能;各种辅助治疗则增加了外科治疗的效果。     

SUPERORDINATE IDENTIFICATION, SUBGROUP IDENTIFICATION, AND JUSTICE CONCERNS:

Abstract— The diversity of American society raises concerns about whether authorities can maintain social cohesion amid competing interests and values The group-value model of justice suggests that authorities function more effectively when they are perceived as fair (e g, benevolent, neutral, and respectful) However, such relational evaluations may be effective only if authorities represent a group with which people identify In a diverse society, subgroup memberships may assume special importance People who identify predominantly with a subgroup may focus on instrumental issues when evaluating a superordinate-group authority, and conflicts with that authority may escalate if those people do not receive favorable outcomes Results indicate that subgroup identification creates problems for authorities only when people have strong subgroup subgroup identification and weak superordinate-group identification As long as people identify strongly with the superordinate group, even if they also identify strongly with their subgroup, relational issues will dominate reactions to authorities     

Leadership and the management of conflicts in diverse groups: Why acknowledging versus neglecting subgroup identity matters

Past research suggests that reactions to an authority's decision are most influenced by treatment quality when individuals value their relationship with the authority and the group s/he represents. The present experiments examine how institutional recognition of self‐relevant identities (implicit in Study 1 and explicit in Study 2) affects the relationship between treatment quality and reactions to the delivery of a negative outcome by an outgroup authority. The overall pattern of results suggests that treatment quality affects reactions to the decision only when the common identity shared with the authority and a subgroup identity that distinguishes one from the authority are both recognized. Possible mechanisms for the observed effect are discussed along with implications for the dual identity approach to conflict resolution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一个多值逻辑的一阶谓词系统

鞠实儿曾提出一个开放类三值命题逻辑系统,这一逻辑也可以推广到任意m值逻辑情形,成为一个联结词函数完全的逻辑。本文将对推广的命题逻辑系统L^＊建立一种一阶谓词系统,并证明其可靠性、完全性。     

麻醉医生是外科的内科医生——浅谈21世纪麻醉医生的责任与义务

在科学技术高速发展的21世纪,西医外科学取得了相当大的成绩。心脏直视手术,器官移植的巨大成功标志着外科学已经进入了一个崭新的时代。但这些成绩的取得离不开麻醉学科的发展。麻醉医生是外科的内科医生,这句话里有两层含义,一是表明了麻醉医生在外科领域里所要承担的责任;二是在今后的医学发展中麻醉学研究的方向及自身的义务。本文将从麻醉学科的历史定位、现代定位和责任与义务三个层面展开讨论,为中国麻醉事业美好的明天而努力。     

全膝关节置换术后镇痛策略

安全、有效的术后镇痛是全膝关节置换术(total knee replacement,TKR)后各项功能恢复的有力保证,与术后很长一段地阋内患者的生活质量息息相关.目前关于TKR术后镇痛策略有多种形式和方法.外周神经阻滞和硬膜外镇痛(epi-dural control analgesia,CEA)的效果可靠,而外周神经阻滞的术后并发症更少,更为理想.     

The Role of Moral Emotions in Predicting Support for Political Actions in Post-War Iraq

A web-based study of 393 undergraduates at a public university in the United States was conducted to examine the relationship between moral emotions (i.e., emotions that motivate prosocial tendencies) and support for political actions to assist Iraqi citizens after the Second Gulf War (2003–2004). Previous work on emotions and prosocial tendencies has focused on empathy. In the context of post-war Iraq, we found that while empathy predicted support for a number of different political actions that have the potential to advance the welfare of the Iraqi people (humanitarian action in particular), guilt over the U.S. invasion was an important predictor of support for reparative actions (i.e., restoring damage created by the U.S. military), and moral outrage toward Saddam Hussein and his regime was the best predictor of support for political actions to prevent future harm to the Iraqi people and to punish the perpetrators. Our findings demonstrate the utility of an emotion-specific framework for understanding why and what type of political actions individuals will support. And in contrast to the traditional view that emotions are an impediment to rationality, our findings suggest that they can serve as a potentially powerful vehicle for motivating political engagement among the citizenry.