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51.
Kaoru Tomita Jun Yamada Shigenobu Takatsuka 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(5):375-391
This study investigated how Japanese-speaking learners of English pronounce the three point vowels /i/, /u/, and /a/ appearing
in the first and second monosyllabic words of English noun phrases, and the schwa /ə/ appearing in English disyllabic words.
First and second formant (F1 and F2) values were measured for four Japanese speakers and two American English speakers. The
hypothesis that the area encompassed by the point vowels in the F1-F2 vowel space tends to be smaller for the Japanese speakers
than for the English speakers was verified. The hypothesis that the area formed by the three schwas in chicken{{chick\underline{e}n}}, spoonful{{spoonf{\underline{u}}l}}, and Tarzan{{Tarz\underline{a}n}} is greater for the Japanese speakers than for the English speakers and its related hypothesis were largely upheld. Implications
for further research are briefly discussed. 相似文献
52.
Masahiro Yamada 《Philosophia》2010,38(2):399-404
In his “A new argument for evidentialism” (Shah, Philos Q 56(225): 481–498, 2006), Nishi Shah argues that the best explanation of a feature of deliberation whether to believe that p which he calls transparency entails that only evidence can be reason to believe that p. I show that his argument fails because a crucial lemma that his argument appeals to cannot be supported without assuming evidentialism to be true in the first place. 相似文献
53.
Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals is proposed, in which there are three solid phonons and one fluid phonon. With this model, the vibration spectrum of soft-matter quasicrystals can be obtained. The generalized Debye frequency, generalized Debye temperature and the thermodynamic functions of soft-matter quasicrystals are observed. The results on the specific heat of soft-matter quasicrystals demonstrate the contributions of both solid phonons and fluid phonon, respectively. 相似文献
54.
The purpose of this study is to examine the temporal representation of plans in memory. Two experiments using a priming paradigm were conducted to investigate which plans would be activated in memory when participants processed a particular plan. The 64 undergraduates who participated in Experiment 1 were asked to memorise a 1-month schedule of plans. Results showed that when participants were presented with a particular plan as a prime, the preceding plan in the schedule was immediately activated. After the activation of the preceding plan, the plan following the prime plan in the schedule was activated. Experiment 2 was conducted to examine whether the sequential effect found in Experiment 1 might be based on day order (e.g., plans for day 1, plans for day 2, etc.) or simple ordering of plans (e.g., plan 1, plan 2, etc.). However, in the results of Experiment 2, with 48 undergraduate participants, the dynamic transition in the activation of plans along the time course, seen in Experiment 1, was not observed. 相似文献
55.
19世纪末英国传教士理雅各的《易经》英译对中国文化在西方世界的传播和影响起了巨大的作用,他的译本经久不衰,至今仍被西方汉学家视为《易经》外译的典范。本文对理雅各及其《易经》英译本进行探讨,旨在发现其翻译的特定思路以及译本的优势与长处,寻找其不足与误译,以利新世纪《易经》英译的进一步精化与更为广泛的传播。 相似文献
56.
功能核磁共振成像技术在探讨欺骗机制和开发测谎技术中的应用是目前的研究热点,前者使用多种范式来考察假装失忆、故意错误及人际交互中的欺骗行为的认知和神经机制,而后者主要沿用传统的GKT和CQT范式检测欺骗行为。已有研究突显了前额叶和顶叶这些参与执行控制过程的脑区在欺骗中的核心作用,但基于这些脑区信号进行测谎时,得到的准确率不容乐观。未来研究应探索除执行控制过程外的欺骗的其它认知成分,尝试从"记忆痕迹"和"欺骗结果"等方面寻找测谎的新线索。并应揭示"欺骗特质"的神经基础,以启发"忠诚度"的测量方法。 相似文献
57.
信念偏差效应是指人们已有的知识信念对逻辑推理的影响现象.对此,双加工理论认为这是由于信念偏向系统和逻辑分析系统之间的冲突所导致的.近年来,该理论得到来自认知神经科学证据的有力支持:一方面,基于功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、近红外光谱(NIRS)以及重复性经颅磁刺激(rTMS)等技术的研究从不同角度证实右侧前额皮层与信念偏差抑制有关;另一方面,基于脑电(ERP)的研究表明,晚期正成分和晚期负成分可能参与了不同推理类型下信念偏差效应的认知加工.未来的研究可以从工作记忆、不同加工阶段、推理前提本身可信度、实验分析、实验材料生态学效度以及思维训练等方面对信念偏差效应作进一步探索. 相似文献
58.
Does one's name attract visual attention? To answer this question, we conducted four experiments. Experiment 1 adopted the method of a previous study (Bundesen, Kyllingsbæk, Houmann, & Jensen, 1997), but used Japanese names; the results of this experiment replicated the lack of evidence for attentional attraction by the observer's name. Experiments 2 and 3 tested two arguments put forward by Bundesen et al. (1997) to explain this null effect of observer's name on attentional attraction. The results showed that neither efficient target selection by colour nor the number of target characters could explain the null effect. Alternatively, we proposed that the observer's set plays a critical role in the attentional attraction of observer's name. Experiments 4 and 5 tested this idea by manipulating the observer's set; the results showed that when the observer's set matches the target defining feature, the observer's name does capture attention. These five experiments suggest that attentional attraction by an observer's name depends on the relationship between the observer's set and task. 相似文献
59.
We contrast two approaches to probing the depth of theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning by adults in matrix game settings: our own and that of Stahl and Wilson. 相似文献
60.
Kiyoshi Ishii Yuko Yamada Yutaka Hishimura Yasuaki Haga 《The Japanese psychological research》2002,44(1):51-56
Using the conditioned taste aversion paradigm, two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the interval between preexposure and test and that between conditioning and test on the magnitude of latent inhibition. Experiment 1 revealed that the degree of latent inhibition was attenuated when rats were given a 21‐day interval between preexposure and test. It was also found that this attenuation was more marked in subjects which were given conditioning immediately after preexposure than those which were conditioned shortly before the test. Retention interval between preexposure and test was reduced to 12 days in Experiment 2, and exactly the same pattern of results as those found in Experiment 1 was obtained. These findings suggest that the memory of conditioning as well as that of preexposure decreases its retrievability after a long retention interval, although the former is more retainable than the latter. 相似文献