When Core Self-Evaluation Leads to Career Adaptability: Effects of Ethical Leadership and Implications for Citizenship Behavior

Drawing upon the career construction theory and the trait activation theory, the present study first aims to uncover the interactive effect of core self-evaluation (CSE) and ethical leadership on career adaptability. In addition, the authors examined how career adaptability mediates the interaction effect of CSE and ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Two-wave data from 156 employees were collected in a manufacturing company over a one-month interval. Results showed that ethical leadership moderated the relationship between CSE and career adaptability. Specifically, the positive relationship between CSE and career adaptability was stronger when ethical leadership was low. Moreover, career adaptability mediated the relationship between CSE and OCB, and ethical leadership moderated this indirect relationship. We discuss implications for career adaptation and organizational effectiveness.     

Correction for Item Response Theory Latent Trait Measurement Error in Linear Mixed Effects Models

Psychometrika - When latent variables are used as outcomes in regression analysis, a common approach that is used to solve the ignored measurement error issue is to take a multilevel perspective on...     

A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition

Stereotype research emphasizes systematic processes over seemingly arbitrary contents, but content also may prove systematic. On the basis of stereotypes' intergroup functions, the stereotype content model hypothesizes that (a) 2 primary dimensions are competence and warmth, (b) frequent mixed clusters combine high warmth with low competence (paternalistic) or high competence with low warmth (envious), and (c) distinct emotions (pity, envy, admiration, contempt) differentiate the 4 competence-warmth combinations. Stereotypically, (d) status predicts high competence, and competition predicts low warmth. Nine varied samples rated gender, ethnicity, race, class, age, and disability out-groups. Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors). Stereotypically, status predicted competence, and competition predicted low warmth.     

Judging egocentric distance on the ground: occlusion and surface integration

On the basis of the finding that a common and homogeneous ground surface is vital for accurate egocentric distance judgments (Sinai et al, 1998 Nature 395 497-500), we propose a sequential-surface-integration-process (SSIP) hypothesis to elucidate how the visual system constructs a representation of the ground-surface in the intermediate distance range. According to the SSIP hypothesis, a near ground-surface representation is formed from near depth cues, and is utilized as an anchor to integrate the more distant surfaces by using texture-gradient information as the depth cue. The SSIP hypothesis provides an explanation for the finding that egocentric distance judgment is underestimated when a texture boundary exists on the ground surface that commonly supports the observer and target. We tested the prediction that the fidelity of the visually represented ground-surface reference frame depends on how the visual system selects the surface information for integration. Specifically, if information is selected along a direct route between the observer and target where the ground surface is disrupted by an occluding object, the ground surface will be inaccurately represented. In experiments 1-3 we used a perceptual task and two different visually directed tasks to show that this leads to egocentric distance underestimation. Judgment is accurate however, when the observer selects the continuous ground information bypassing the occluding object (indirect route), as found in experiments 4 and 5 with a visually directed task. Altogether, our findings provide support for the SSIP hypothesis and reveal, surprisingly, that the phenomenal visual space is not unique but depends on how optic information is selected.     

早期儒学语境中的“时”范畴析解

“时”是早期儒家构建其“内圣外王”人格价值理想的核心范畴之一。在早期儒家的话语系统中 ,“时”以“时遇”、“时命”等外在于价值主体的客观条件和异己的力量 ,以中介的形式与价值主体一起对儒家人格价值理想的实践发生不容忽视乃至是决定性的作用 ,并不断地内化为一种主体价值选择的方法论原则———“时中”和一种集大成式的人格理想境界———“时圣”。早期儒家对于“时”由非主体范畴向主体性范畴转化的认识 ,充分体现了儒家注重实践理性的思维特征     

Early computation of part structure: evidence from visual search

The visual system represents object shapes in terms of intermediate-level parts. The minima rule proposes that the visual system uses negative minima of curvature to define boundaries between parts. We used visual search to test whether part structures consistent with the minima rule are computed preattentively--or at least, rapidly and early in visual processing. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that whereas the search for a non-minima-segmented shape is fast and efficient among minima-segmented shapes, the reverse search is slow and inefficient. This asymmetry is expected if parsing at negative minima occurs obligatorily. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 showed that although both minima- and non-minima-segmented shapes pop out among unsegmented shapes, the search for minima-segmented shapes is significantly slower. Together, these results demonstrate that the visual system segments shapes into parts, using negative minima of curvature, and that it does so rapidly in early stages of visual processing.     

意识形态重建与自由主义

《大学人文读本》是近年大学语文教育领域内的可贵改革。但作为当前自由主义积极重构意识形态的一个象征性“事件”,它在编排理念、阐释框架以及在具体编排中让什么声音凸显出来和不让什么声音凸显出来等方面,都表现出了比较强烈的意识形态偏见与追求。《读本》反映了自由主义理论的两个误区。知识界应对自由主义保持清醒而独立的认知态度。     

Binary choice, subset choice, random utility, and ranking: A unified perspective using the permutahedron

The d-permutahedron Π_d−1⊂R^d is defined as the convex hull of all d-dimensional permutation vectors, namely, vectors whose components are distinct values of a d-element set of integers [d]≡{1,2,…,d}. By construction, Π_d−1 is a convex polytope with d! vertices, each representing a linear order (ranking) on [d], and has dimension dim(Π_d−1)=d−1. This paper provides a review of some well-known properties of a permutahedron, applies the geometric-combinatoric insights to the investigation of the various popular choice paradigms and models by emphasizing their inter-connections, and presents a few new results along this line.Permutahedron provides a natural representation of ranking probability; in fact it is shown here to be the space of all Borda scores on ranking probabilities (also called “voters profiles” in the social choice literature). The following relations are immediate consequences of this identification. First, as all d! vertices of Π_d−1 are equidistant to its barycenter, Π_d−1 is circumscribed by a sphere S^d−2 in a (d−1)-dimensional space, with each spherical point representing an equivalent class of vectors whose components are defined on an interval scale. This property provides a natural expression of the random utility model of ranking probabilities, including the condition of Block and Marschak. Second, Π_d−1 can be realized as the image of an affine projection from the unit cube of dimension d(d−1)/2. As the latter is the space of all binary choice vectors describing probabilities of pairwise comparisons within d objects, Borda scores can be defined on binary choice probabilities through this projective mapping. The result is the Young's formula, now applicable to any arbitrary binary choice vector. Third, Π_d−1 can be realized as a “monotone path polytope” as induced from the lift-up of the projection of the cube onto the line segment [0,d]⊂R¹. As the 2^d vertices of the d-cube are in one-to-one correspondence to all subsets of [d], a connection between the subset choice paradigm and ranking probability is established. Specifically, it is shown here that, in the case of approval voting (AV) with the standard tally procedure (Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev. 72 (1978) 831), under the assumption that the choice of a subset indicates an approval (with equal probability) of all linear orders consistent with that chosen subset, the Brams-Fishburn score is then equivalent to the Borda score on the induced profile. Requiring this induced profile (ranking probability) to be also consistent with the size-independent model of subset choice (J. Math. Psychol. 40 (1996) 15) defines the “core” of the AV Polytope. Finally, Π_d−1 can be realized as a canonical projection from the so-called Birkhoff polytope, the space of rank-position probabilities arising out of the rank-matching paradigm; thus Borda scores can be defined on rank-position probabilities. To summarize, the many realizations of a permutahedron afford a unified framework for describing and relating various ranking and choice paradigms.     

江西云居山佛教史话述略

中国汉地佛教经北周灭佛和隋唐之际的战乱,以长安、洛阳、邺都为中心的中原地带,发生过一南一北两次大规模的僧众流动。其中向南一支广布于淮南江表诸郡和荆襄地区,日益发达,最终成为禅宗的发详地。其标志是初唐道信和法融两支禅系的崛起。     

The Association Between Maternal Control and Sense of Coherence in Chinese Adolescents: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator and Stressful Life Events as a Moderator

Journal of Happiness Studies - Both parental support and overprotection have been found to be associated with adolescents’ sense of coherence (SOC) in prior studies. It is unclear, however,...