人为什么要有道德?(上)

本文从道德哲学的角度提出“人为什么要有道德?”的问题,并尝试给出某种解答。通过“善(好)生活”、“利益(关系)”和“人性(潜能)”三个核心概念,作者力图阐明道德之于人类生活的内在性,并从人类的生活目的、行为方式和人性潜能三个基本方面,揭示人类道德生活所内含的美德一目的论与规范一道义论之双重维度。     

组织公民行为与反生产行为的互动关系：一个基于情绪与认知整合框架的阐释

传统观点认为, 组织公民行为和反生产行为是同一连续体的对立两级或者负相关的独立二维结构。但近期研究表明, 这二者关系并非那样简单, 在特定情境下它们也许存在一种适度的正相关性。首先, 回顾组织公民行为与反生产行为的影响因素, 以及这二者关系的认知演变; 然后, 基于情绪与认知整合框架, 采用资源守恒理论和道德平衡理论探讨组织公民行为与反生产行为的互动关系; 最后, 对未来研究方向进行了展望, 如通过实证研究探索二者互动关系的边界机制、采用多种研究方法验证这二者之间互动关系、基于潜增长模型探讨这二者关系的动态变化、以及深入探讨这二者互动关系的管理实践策略。     

Transformational leadership and customer service: A moderated mediation model of negative affectivity and emotion regulation

Integrating theories from leadership, emotion management, affectivity, and customer service, this study examines how transformational leadership leads to favourable customer intentions via the mediation of service employees' emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and their service performance and via the moderation of employee negative affectivity. Results obtained from data of 204 matched sets of managers, service employees, and customers show that the effect of transformational leadership on amplification of pleasant emotions was conditioned on service employees' negative affectivity. Employee service performance partially mediated the effect of job satisfaction on customer outcomes. Finally, overall results reveal that transformational leadership and amplification of pleasant emotions were more strongly related to the customer outcomes, as mediated through the intervening variables in the model, when negative affectivity was high than when negative affectivity was low. Results have implications for how service workers with negative affectivity can manage their emotions to achieve effective service outcomes through interactions with a leader, how the effect of transformational leadership can be bounded, and how transformational leadership and emotion regulation are relevant to customer service.     

情绪和控制幻觉对投资者羊群行为的影响

本研究采用双因素被试间实验具体考察了特定情绪和控制幻觉对于个体投资者羊群行为的影响,结果发现存在显著的主效应和交互作用。愉悦情绪与投资者的追涨羊群行为呈正向关系,恐惧情绪与跟跌羊群行为呈正向关系;控制幻觉与投资者的追涨羊群行为呈正向关系,与跟跌羊群行为呈负向关系;高控制幻觉的投资者在愉悦情绪下倾向于乐观追涨,而低控制幻觉的投资者在恐惧情绪下倾向于悲观跟跌。     

拟社会互动在年幼儿童视频学习中的作用

本研究采用表征理解任务和规则学习任务,通过比较真人互动、视频拟互动和视频非互动三种条件下年幼儿童的学习效果,考察拟互动在2-5岁儿童视频学习中的作用。结果表明,2岁儿童的视频学习存在视频缺陷现象,2.5岁到5岁儿童的拟社会互动视频学习效果明显,优于非互动视频学习,与真人互动学习相当。2.5岁至4.5岁是拟互动视频学习的最佳年龄。     

确定婴儿面部表情模式的初步尝试

本实验拍摄了一岁婴儿六种具体基本情绪的表情照片。它们是愉快、惊奇、悲伤、愤怒、厌恶和惧怕。并进行了辨认实验和标定工作。本实验結果支持了婴儿具有基本面部表情模式的立场。所得表情模式与C.E.Izard在Max中所描述的基本一致。由此证明基本情绪的面部模式具有跨文化的性质。     

儿童运用归纳法概括句组内词语能力的实验研究

本研究的目的是探讨儿童概括词语能力的发展问题。实验材料是9组分别有一、二或三个词语(“因素”)的句子,要求被试概括这些句组。被试是9至12岁以及8.5岁的小学生,每个年龄组有30人,共计150名小学生。 实验结果表明:儿童概括词语能力的发展并不与年龄的增长完全一致,在速度和等级方面其发展是不同的。在8.5-9岁以及11-12岁两个年龄组间差异是显著的,而在其他的年龄组,这种能力的发展是缓慢的。每个年龄组概括的广度也是不同的。     

双任务并存条件下的信息提取

将短时记忆再认与长时记忆范畴判断两类不同性质的信息提取任务相并列,探讨了双任务条件下的信息提取过程是如何进行的。实验结果表明,双任务并存时,ｎｏ反应的总平均反应时不等于两种任务单独进行时各自ｎｏ反应的平均反应时之和（减去一次视觉动作反应时后）,而是与其中一个较后完成的过程的ｎｏ反应平均反应时相近。因此推断双任务并存时,信息提取过程不是完成一个再进行另一个的系列加工过程,而是二者同时平行加工的过程。     

“大五”个性因素模型在工作情景中的效度分析

“大五”个性因素模型是目前一种个性分类理论模型 ,它以外向、情绪稳定性、责任意识、随和、开明性等五个因素来描述正常人群的个性特征。本文探讨了在工作情境中运用“大五”模型预测工作绩效 (个体 /团队 )的效度问题。大量的研究表明 ,责任意识能在不同的职业中用来预测个体工作绩效 ;“大五”因素能有效地预测周边绩效 ,但并不是所有的个性因素都能预测任务绩效 ;团队成员的个性组成对团队绩效有显著影响 ;个性与绩效间的关系受到缓冲变量的影响。     

The role of structural consistency between categories and attributes in hierarchical category learning

This study investigated how consistency between categories and attributes determines attribute selection in hierarchical category learning. Participants learned six categories for which number and color were equally relevant attributes, followed by a transfer task, to test which attribute was used. Before that, half of them learned embedding higher-level categories for which numbers were likely to be used. Orthogonal to this factor, the hierarchical structure was made explicit for half of them by category labels. The results showed that participants used numbers in the prior learning, but that the use of numbers was inhibited in the subsequent six-category learning task. However, this inhibitory effect was reduced when the hierarchical structure was explicit. The pattern of results suggests that attribute selection is determined by structural consistency between categories and attributes, not by a prior use of an attribute.