违规和违法行为责任归咎的身份效应——基于官员、富人与普通人间的比较分析

为探讨违规和违法事件中,旁观者对不同社会身份行为者的责任归咎是否具有一致性,研究要求被试对三组不同身份匹配条件下(官员/普通人、富人/普通人以及官员/富人)的违规和违法行为进行责任归咎,结果发现,无论是对违规行为,还是对违法行为,人们对具有官员身份的行为者的责任归咎最为严苛,对具有富人身份的行为者的责任归咎其次,而对既非官员也非富人的普通人的责任归咎则相对宽容,因而责任归咎中具有明显的身份效应。     

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Trait Anxiety Mediate on the Impact of Locus of Control on Subjective Well-Being

Sense of control plays an important role in the psychological well-being of an individual. This study aims to investigate the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being (SWB). Participants include 400 undergraduates (214 men and 186 women) from four universities in China. Data were collected using the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, and SWB measures. Results suggested that locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly correlated with SWB. Structural equation modeling results indicated that trait anxiety and self-esteem partially mediated the impact of locus of control on SWB. Moreover, bootstrap test revealed significant paths from locus of control to SWB through trait anxiety and self-esteem. Therefore, locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem have significant impacts on SWB. Moreover, trait anxiety and self-esteem have a mediating effect on the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being.     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Self-efficacy on Depression: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Optimism

In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of self-efficacy on depression – specifically, to test and verify the mediating role of dispositional optimism between the two variables. Five hundred and thirty-five undergraduates from two universities were recruited and given a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results indicated that there are indeed significant relationships among self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and each identified dimension of depression; structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between self-efficacy and depression is partially mediated by dispositional optimism. To this effect, we concluded that to develop and improve students’ self-efficacy will reduce their levels of depression, which may have implications in college counseling.     

分析的魅力:普兰丁格对分析哲学的利用和改造

阿尔文·普兰丁格(Alvin Plantinga,1932～)是当代美国著名的宗教哲学家.其研究领域广泛,学术影响深远,特别在知识论的研究上有很深的造诣,被称为当今英美宗教哲学界的"三巨头之一"[1].综观普兰丁格的学术生涯及其研究成果,不难发现其学术探究的方法别具一格.     

心理学非人性化和人性化的矛盾与冲突

心理学自1879年独立以来,由于种种原因,其发展一直存在着非人性化与人性化的矛盾与冲突,而这种矛盾与冲突所带来的最严重的后果是导致心理学出现了分裂,心理学成为了一门学派纷争、理论对立、组织分裂的学科。该文着重分析了心理学的两大研究范式间和科学主义心理学本身中所存在的非人性化与人性化的矛盾与冲突,希望借此能对我国心理学的发展有所启示。     

大学生诚信道德教育:内涵、动因及其途径

“诚信”是中国传统伦理道德中最重要的基本规范。在新时期,学习和继承中国传统诚信思想的精华,加强和改进大学生思想政治教育是当前高校德育工作的重点。我们要在高校德育工作中以诚信教育为新着力点,采取多种形式、途径加强大学生诚信教育,促进校园诚信文化的形成,培养出诚实守信、具有诚信敬业的良好道德风尚的大学生。     

医学实验室安全问题及其防范对策

提出了具有专业特殊性与复杂性的医学实验室安全问题,并据医学实验室的多种功用、自身特点,阐述了医学实验室安全问题的范畴,同时对可能发生的安全问题作了初步的分类,并着眼于多方位、多层面,较系统地论述了医学实验室安全问题的防范对策.     

颅脑手术戒毒的哲学与伦理思考

颅脑手术戒毒这项新的医疗技术在社会上引起很大反响,最近被卫生部紧急叫停.从颅脑手术戒毒的历史、存在的问题、哲学及伦理方面进行反思是有必要的.把一项临床科研项目直接变换成一项临床服务项目,既未经严格科学论证也不符合伦理与法规要求.     

“反抗的现代性”：二十世纪的日本禅、京都学派与民族主义

毗邻中国的日本佛教和以佛教学说为基础而建构哲学系统的京都学派的哲人们,在20世纪上半叶风云变幻的世界格局中,为了对抗西方启蒙以来现代性的压力和挑战,为他们的思想赋予了具有相当倾向性的意识形态策略。他们从佛教的传统中学习到了一些     

新医改背景下控制糖尿病肾病的基本方略

新医改背景下控制糖尿病肾病的基本方略包括微量蛋白尿的早期定性、早期和全程控制糖尿病共性高血压、糖尿病肾病的基本防护方略的程序化设计和延缓与防护糖尿病肾病的基本干预方略.后者包括ACEI和ARBs干预DN的发生与发展、防护糖尿病肾病的最佳疗法--抗高血压治疗.