神经外科高新技术应用中的人文问题

本文在分析医疗高新技术给神经外科带来发展的同时,阐述了其所带来的一系列人文问题。并对神经外科医务人员如何在临床中合理应用医疗高新技术,把握好医患关系,合理利用医疗资源,表现良好的医德医风提出了要求。     

腹内脂肪与胰岛素抵抗

腹内脂肪与胰岛素抵抗的关系密切,它在形态、脂解等方面不同于皮下脂肪。脂肪细胞分泌的细胞因子在胰岛素抵抗的发生发展中有着重要的作用。明确腹内脂肪致胰岛素抵抗的机制有益于代谢综合征的防治。     

用信息函数法对标准参照测验作质量分析

根据项目反应理论的信息函数法,以自主开发的“现代教育和心理测量通用分析系统”为工具,对两个大规模实施的标准参照测验进行了测验质量分析。结果说明,信息函数分析法比经典真分数理论分析法,可以获得更丰富、深刻、有针对性的资料,能对项目筛选修订、测验编制开发给出有力的指导,值得大力引进、推广。     

The effect of observer's set on the processing of temporally distributed items1,2

Abstract: Perception of the second of two rapidly presented targets is impaired when the temporal lag between them is short (attentional blink, AB). Previous studies showed two types of AB functions. One is that the performance for the second target has been found to be most impaired at the shortest lag (Lag 1), that is, when the second target appeared directly after the ?rst target. The other is that the performance was not impaired at Lag 1 (Lag 1 sparing). The present study examined whether the task set of observers determines the occurrence of Lag 1 sparing. The experiment revealed that Lag 1 sparing occurred only when the observers were informed of the relationships of target locations. The present results extend the explanation of Lag 1 sparing by attentional gating ( Visser, Zuvic, Bischof, & Di Lollo, 1999 b) and suggest that this gating system is not stimulus‐driven but subject to goal‐directed control.     

Choosing words at the study phase: The self‐choice effect on memory from the viewpoint of connective processing1

Abstract: The self‐choice effect, that is the superior memory performance observed when participants are allowed to choose the item at the study phase than when they are not (lack of choice), has been explained by the encoding‐strategy hypothesis ( Takahashi, 1997 ). This hypothesis distinguishes between organizational processing, which focuses upon the relationship between chosen items, and item‐speci?c processing, which itself focuses on the elements that make the chosen item distinctive. The encoding‐strategy hypothesis predicts that the ability for the successive recall of chosen items can be affected by organized list (Experiment 1). The results of our experiments ran counter to the prediction and were interpreted by a new concept called connective processing, which would emphasize the relationship of paired items. Connective processing was examined through orienting tasks (Experiment 2). The results were more suitably interpreted by connective than organizational processing.     

Mere presence of distractors: Another determining factor for the attentional blink1

Abstract: When two visual targets are presented in rapid succession, perception of the second target is deteriorated if the temporal lag between the two targets is short (0–300 ms). This ‘attentional blink’ (AB) phenomenon has been believed to occur only when the second target is followed by a backward mask or when there is a task switching between two targets. The present study revealed another determining factor for the occurrence of the AB, the presence or absence of a distractor stream. Five experiments examined the effect of possible confounding factors in the extant literature and suggested that the mere presence of a distractor stream affects the processing of targets even when the observers tried to ignore them, resulting in a processing delay. This effect is discussed in a model of AB deficit in terms of decay of the second target's representation.     

Planning over the day span: memory for the content of plans

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the time of day on memory for the content of plans, and to examine the influence of knowledge of daily activities on it. Twenty‐four undergraduates participated as subjects in the experiment. Participants were told to memorize 24 plans of one day (e.g. ‘13:00’, ‘making a telephone call’), and were then asked to recall them in the test phase. Furthermore, we tried to explore their knowledge of everyday activities using a questionnaire. The result showed that plans of night, morning, and evening were recalled better than that of afternoon. This result was explained by the notion that knowledge of one's personal daily activities might affect memory of plans. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

藏族大学生自我意识与价值观初探

通过对411名藏族大学生的自我意识结构,价值观类型进行问卷调查 ,结果显示藏族大学生有较强的自尊心和独立意识,表现出较好的自我接纳,具有积极的价值观倾向;文、理科不同的教育内容、教育方法对藏族大学生自我意识和价值观的形成产生不同的影响;男女大学生自我意识的发展存在性别差异。     

工科院校大学生人格和人际交往特点与网络成瘾的关系研究

采用中国大学生人格量表(CCSPS)、自编的大学生人际交往能力量表和Young的网络成瘾量表,研究工科院校大学生人格、人际交往特点与网络成瘾倾向的关系.发现:大学生人际交往能力的高低对其网络成瘾倾向有预测作用;大学生人格特质大中的活跃、坚韧、严谨、利他、重情维度与网络成瘾倾向呈显著相关,其中,人格的活跃、坚韧、严谨、重情维度有预测作用.     

Gaze following among toddlers

Children's cooperative activities with their peers become markedly coordinated during the 3rd year of life. During these activities, the child needs to follow his/her peers’ gaze to objects, and look at the same objects to initiate coordinated action. Since 3-year-olds’ ability to follow their peers’ gaze has not been studied, we experimentally investigated this in our study. In the experimental trials, an experimenter induced a child (looker) to look at a doll on display, and observed the reaction of another child (follower) who was in front of the looker (and not looking at the doll). In the control trials, the experimenter displayed the doll in an identical manner when the follower was alone. The followers followed the gaze of the lookers, looking at the doll in approximately 90% of the experimental trials, compared with 20% of the control trials. These results indicate that 3-year-olds can follow their peers’ gaze.