After-effects induced by interactions between hydrogen and the martensite transformation in Ni–Ti superelastic alloy

The effects of dynamic interactions between hydrogen and a stress-induced martensite transformation on the recovery of deteriorated tensile properties by ageing in air at room temperature have been investigated for a Ni–Ti superelastic alloy. A specimen is subjected to single stress-induced martensite and reverse transformations immediately after hydrogen charging. Upon tensile testing, brittle fracture occurs in the latter half of the elastic deformation region of the martensite phase after the stress-induced martensite transformation. Upon ageing before the tensile test, fracture occurs during the stress-induced martensite transformation. In addition, the nano- and micro-morphologies of the brittle outer part of the fracture surface of the specimen are changed by ageing. Thus, the tensile properties markedly deteriorate, rather than recover, by ageing. The present results clearly indicate that dynamic interactions between hydrogen and the stress-induced martensite transformation have serious after-effects on hydrogen embrittlement of Ni–Ti superelastic alloy.     

Forecasting the influence of customer-related micro-events on employees’ emotional,attitudinal and physiological responses

The affective events theory proposes that daily events elicit affective reactions on workers that, over time, influence affective and judgement-driven behaviours. It also suggests that this relation is moderated by dispositions and appraisals. On the other hand, the social interaction model argues that the impact of emotions is moderated by how individuals regulate them. This study aimed to: (1) investigate what customer-related events elicit affect; (2) test the moderating role of workers’ susceptibility for emotional contagion on the relation events-affect; and (3) explore whether affective states influence cardiovascular efficiency and turnover intentions. We conducted a longitudinal study in an inbound call centre by following 48 workers during 10 working days, gathering 267 events and 1,232 affective reactions. We combined diaries, questionnaires and physiological data. Data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. We extracted 13 event categories and, using artificial neural networks (ANN), found support for the moderating role of emotional contagion. At daily level, fear was the stronger predictor of cardiovascular efficiency, whereas anger was the stronger predictor of turnover. ANN models showed satisfactory predictive values (R²_Turnover = .51, p < .01; R²_{Cardiovascular efficiency} = .32, p < .01). The importance of results for theory and practice is discussed.     

Need for uniqueness as a mediator of the relationship between face consciousness and status consumption in China

Strong economic development in China has led to a surge in status consumption as a means of gaining face. In Eastern culture, people interpret uniqueness as status distinction rather than separateness or deviance. This type of uniqueness can be used to meet others' expectations and gain social approval. Thus its relationship with face consciousness and status consumption is to be expected. This study investigates 2 hypotheses: (a) Face consciousness has a positive effect on status consumption and (b) Consumer need for uniqueness mediates the relationship between face consciousness and status consumption. Two‐hundred and forty‐six working respondents in eastern China completed a survey. Regression analysis of the results supported both hypotheses.     

矩阵完成问题的项目生成研究

依据Embretson提出的认知设计系统方法,设计并编制了矩阵完成问题的项目生成系统,实际生成了矩阵完成问题测验。探讨矩阵测验与瑞文测验的关系,以及认知模型对矩阵问题的难度和区分度的预测能力。结果表明所设计的认知模型对矩阵项目的性能参数有一定的预测能力,生成的矩阵测验与瑞文测验有基本相同的心理测量属性。可以使用该系统生成的矩阵项目来测量被试的抽象推理能力。     

生态危机与神学思考的转向

西方基督教神学对生态危机的反思,始于回应来自基督教神学外部的批判,这些批判针对的是支撑现代科技发展背后的基督教理念。与此相应,基督教神学一方面立足于圣经和教义为基督教传统辩护,另一方面以JohnCobb为代表的神学家也在谋求,在新的人与自然关系的背景下改变基督教神学的传统、思考神学未来的发展走向以及如何回应当今日益严重的生态问题。     

自由基在癫痫发生及其治疗中的研究现状与进展

癫痫是一组包括许多不同症状的综合征,其主要特征是对反复出现的无明显诱因的发作的易感性。无论动物实验还是临床观察均表明癫痫时伴有活跃的自由基反应,自由基与癫痫的发生发展有着密切的联系。清除自由基,阻断自由基反应无疑为癫痫的治疗开辟了新的途径。本文就自由基在癫痫发生及其治疗中的研究现状与进展作一概述。目前应用自由基清除剂治疗癫痫尚处于临床试验阶段,但我们可以预见,进一步探索癫痫发生的自由基病理机制,开发有效清除自由基的药物具有广阔的前景,并将为人类最终战胜癫痫提供有力的帮助。     

原位肝移植术后细菌感染的防治策略

分析79例原位肝移植的临床资料,对感染部位、常见致病菌、导致细菌感染的危险因素进行分析。全组32例发生细菌感染,感染部位以肺部、腹腔多见。恢复饮食时间延长,术前肝功能C级、低蛋白血症、高血糖是感染的危险因素,肠道去污治疗是保护性因素。结论是尽可能的减少各种危险因素,有效的预防及早期确诊和治疗是防治细菌感染的关键。     

Do pointing gestures by infants provoke comments from adults?

In the field of developmental psychology, there is speculation that pointing gestures by infants are good precursors of infant language acquisition, and some researchers have found correlations between these pointing gestures and some indices of language acquisition. Infants’ pointing gestures are presumably related to language acquisition because they provoke verbal responses from adults. To test this, seven boys and six girls were observed during free play time in a nursery classroom, and post-pointing and matched-control data were collected. Comparison between these data confirmed that the nursery staff spoke to infants at a significantly earlier stage in post-pointing sequences, compared with control sequences, indicating that pointing gestures elicit verbal responses from adult caregivers.     

文本阅读中背景信息的加工过程：激活与整合

采用移动窗口技术和眼动技术探讨了文本阅读中当前信息跟背景信息的具体加工过程。被试为华南师范大学本科生92名。实验1使用移动窗口技术,计算机屏幕上每次只呈现一个句子,让被试自己按键逐句进行阅读,通过分析不同实验条件下探测词的再认反应时间和不同实验条件下目标句的阅读时间来探讨文本阅读中信息加工的具体过程。实验2使用眼动技术在一种更自然的情境中通过分析不同实验条件下眼动指标的差异来进一步探讨文本阅读中信息加工的具体过程。实验结果表明,文本阅读中背景信息的加工过程包括激活和整合两个阶段,这两个阶段相互独立但又紧密联系,激活是整合发生的前提,有整合必先发生激活,但激活发生后并不一定会发生整合;文本阅读过程中读者阅读时间的延长主要发生在整合阶段