SLIPA^TM通气道临床应用的回顾性分析

回顾性分析SLIPA^TM通气道（喉罩）临床应用的优缺点及相关并发症。330例ASA1-3级各类全麻手术患者,快速诱导麻醉后插入SLIPA^TM通气道。记录脉搏血氧饱和度,呼气末二氧化碳分压,插入的难易程度及是否有反流、误吸和术后咽痛等相关并发症。结果为96％的患者容易插入SLIPA^TM通气道,10．9％的患者发生了一定程度胃胀气,血液痕迹残留SLIPA^TM通气道表面发生率为11．5％,术后咽痛的发生率为3．3％,无一例发生术后肺内感染。SLIPA^TM通气道操作方便,通气可靠,围术期并发症少,在临床的应用安全有效。     

一种"分析自我"的心理治疗模型及其质性研究的框架

基于心理治疗实践提出了以"分析自我"为核心的心理治疗模型.模型假设心理治疗需要整体地分析自我,包括从需要、能力、感受和交互角色等不同角度的自我分析.提出了对该治疗模型的基于认知任务分析方法的过程性质性研究框架,以促进理论与实践的相互提升.     

伦理学的历史感、时代性和开放性——马克思主义理论研究和建设工程《伦理学》教材编写课题组专家咨询会综述

马克思主义理论研究和建设工程<伦理学>教材编写课题组自2008年7月成立以来,已四月有余.四个多月以来,课题组成员在对伦理学的一些基本理论问题进行充分探讨并达成基本共识的基础上,按照教材编写的知识规范性暨完备性、学理逻辑性和学术科学性之基本要求,明确了提纲由三大板块,即基本理论、规范体系、道德实践构成,包括"导论"和十四章具体内容.     

Connectedness affects dot numerosity judgment: Implications for configural processing

Participants judged the number of dots in visual displays with brief presentations (200 msec), such that the numerosity judgment was based on an instantaneous impression without counting. In some displays, pairs of adjacent dots were connected by line segments, whereas, in others, line segments were freely hanging without touching the dots. In Experiments 1, 2A, and 2B, connecting pairs of dots by line segments led to underestimation of dot numbers in those patterns. In Experiment 3, we controlled for the number of freely hanging line segments, whereas Experiment 4 showed that line segments that were merely attached to dots without actually connecting them did not produce a considerable underestimation effect. Experiment 5 showed that a connectedness effect existed when stimulus duration was reduced (50 msec) or extended (1,000 msec). We conclude that connectivity affects dot numerosity judgments, consistent with earlier findings of a configural effect in numerosity processing. Implications of the role of connectedness in object representation are discussed.     

培训迁移的干预策略及其效果

在回顾了培训迁移的组织干预策略研究后,重点围绕培训前干预、培训中干预和培训后干预三个方面展开讨论,归纳出不同类型干预要素及其对培训迁移的影响效果,指出目前理论的局限性以及组织与个体相互作用等未来研究的方向     

读者追随目标信息建构情境模型

探讨文本阅读中读者追随目标焦点信息建构情境模型的过程。实验1采用“目标启动＋目标整合”的方式,探讨读者在显性焦点情况下的阅读是否会追随目标信息更新情境模型。实验2采用“目标启动＋目标未整合”的方式,探讨显性焦点下对目标信息进行的追随建构,是发生在目标焦点整合后还是在阅读进程中即时进行。实验2a运用动窗技术,实验2b则采用眼动技术来探讨这个问题。实验结果总的表明,在阅读过程中读者会追随目标焦点信息建构情境模型,并且这种建构是即时进行的     

慢性心理应激对大鼠淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70表达和凋亡的影响

为了探讨慢性心理应激对热休克蛋白70（Hsp70）、淋巴细胞的凋亡及其两者之间关系的影响,将实验SD大鼠分为对照组、中等强度心理应激组和高强度心理应激组。分别对三组大鼠给予相应的干预3周,采用流式细胞仪定量检测各组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞Hsp70的表达水平和凋亡量。结果发现,与对照组比较,中等和高强度心理应激组淋巴细胞内Hsp70表达水平显著增加;中等强度心理应激组凋亡量增加但没有出现统计学意义,高强度心理应激组淋巴细胞凋亡显著增加;中等强度心理应激组的淋巴细胞Hsp70表达与凋亡量变化成显著正相关,高强度心理应激组两者变化成不显著正相关。研究结果提示心理应激能诱发淋巴细胞Hsp70表达和凋亡升高,且随心理应激强度增加,Hsp70表达升高趋势减缓、凋亡量增加加剧,最终造成机体免疫损伤加深     

初中生的自尊、受益者特征与亲社会行为的关系

以初中一至三年级学生为对象,采用自尊量表（SES）和帮助行为调查问卷进行测查,以探讨自尊、受助者特征对其亲社会行为的影响。结果表明：（1）在社会道德认知和自我意愿层面上,大多数初中生能表现出积极的亲社会性助人趋向,部分学生的行为决策判定具有不一致性;（2）初中生的自尊程度不影响对他人需要的注意、归因以及行为方式的选择,但与帮助行为的价值取向、行为意愿等认知、情感因素有关,能直接影响自主性的亲社会行为;（3）初中生有关潜在受益者特征的某种认知结果及其相应的情感体验,对帮助型亲社会行为趋向有重要影响;（4）初中生的自尊及其所知觉的潜在量益者特征在亲社会行为趋向中交互作用不显著。     

家庭社会经济地位对小学生阅读自主性的影响:父母鼓励和阅读动机的中介作用

采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、学生阅读自主性量表、父母鼓励阅读问卷和阅读动机问卷,对313名小学生进行测查,并运用结构方程模型探讨家庭社会经济地位对阅读自主性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)家庭社会经济地位影响阅读自主性;(2)父母鼓励和阅读动机是上述影响关系的中介变量;(3)家庭社会经济地位通过父母鼓励影响阅读动机,进而影响阅读自主性,即父母鼓励和阅读动机起链式中介的作用。模型中两个中介变量父母鼓励和阅读动机一"外"一"内"协同作用,支持了家庭投资模型。     

Cultural Variations in Reasons for Advice Seeking

Five studies examined cultural differences in reasons for advice‐seeking behaviors. Content analyses in Study 1A and self‐ratings in Study 1B consistently revealed that Euro‐Canadians were more likely than East Asians (mainly Chinese) to seek advice for informational reasons, whereas East Asians were more likely than Euro‐Canadians to seek advice for relational reasons. Study 2A showed that Chinese displayed a higher level of relationship concern than Euro‐Canadians in deciding from whom to seek advice in a decision dilemma. Study 2B found that, although Chinese and Euro‐Canadians did not differ from each other on willingness to pay for informational advice, Chinese were willing to pay more for building a relationship with the advisor through advice seeking than Euro‐Canadians were. Study 3 explored how the advice giver might perceive an advice seeker in terms of their competence and the closeness of their relationship after advice was sought for various reasons. We found that relationally oriented advice seeking increased the perceived competence of the advice seeker among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Information‐oriented advice seeking increased the perceived closeness between the advice seeker and advice giver among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Implications for other aspects of advice exchange are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.