旁观者及其与个体的亲密程度对后悔情绪的影响

后悔情绪是反事实思维的产物,对个体决策行为的改善具有积极作用,能够激发个体反思既往选择,优化未来决策。该研究采用经典的连续冒险任务,从人际交互角度切入,考察了有无旁观者以及旁观者与个体的亲密程度对后悔情绪的影响。结果发现:(1)相对于无人在场,旁观者在场时个体更不后悔;(2)旁观者与个体间的亲密度能够在一定程度上影响个体的后悔情绪:在错过所有收益引发后悔的条件下,相对于无人在场,陌生人在场时个体更不后悔,而恋人在场时个体后悔情绪无明显变化。本研究的发现可以更好地帮助人们理解社会背景下后悔情绪的影响因素和发生机制。     

Interaction between color and attentional level in children’s conflict control

Cognitive Processing - Perception of color can affect cognition and behavior in humans. Although there has been increasing interest in the effect of red on cognitive performance in adults, little...     

Resource availability hypothesis: Perceived financial and caloric status affect individuals' height preferences for potential partners

Height is an important concern in human mate choices. Prior research indicates that people who live in areas with abundant resources differ from those who live in areas with scarce resources regarding height preferences. Based on a health‐maximizing principle, we propose a resource availability account for such differences. Compared with women's height preferences, men's height preferences are hypothesized to be more dependent on either financial or caloric resource availability. Specifically, taller females would be more preferred by males who are poor in resources than those who are rich in resources. Results from three studies supported these hypotheses. In Study 1, men from remote areas of China who had lower family income preferred taller women more than those from eastern China who had higher family income. In Study 2, men who were financially dissatisfied preferred taller women more than those who were financially satisfied. In Study 3, men with low caloric status preferred taller women more than men with high caloric status. In addition, women's height preferences in Studies 1, 2 and 3 were less determined by resource availability. These findings suggest that height preferences are changeable, depending on financial or caloric status.     

Attachment,Social Support,Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

The present study aimed to examine the effects of attachment, social support and resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. One hundred fifty-two HIV+ adults in China were investigated. The results suggested that attachment anxiety had a significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms and impacted PTSD symptoms indirectly though associations with social support and resilience. Attachment avoidance could also be considered a distal risk factor of PTSD symptoms via the mediation of social support and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of identifying trauma and PTSD symptoms in people affected by HIV/AIDS and suggest that people with attachment anxiety and low social support resources might be at high risk for PTSD.     

Visual mental imagery influences attentional guidance in a visual-search task

Visual mental imagery resembles visual working memory (VWM). Because both visual mental imagery and VWM involve the representation and manipulation of visual information, it was hypothesized that they would exert similar effects on visual attention. Several previous studies have demonstrated that working-memory representations guide attention toward a memory-matching task-irrelevant stimulus during visual-search tasks. Therefore, mental imagery may also guide attention toward imagery-matching stimuli. In the present study, five experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of visual mental imagery on visual attention during a visual-search task. Participants were instructed to visualize a color or an object clearly associated with a specific color, after which they were asked to detect a colored target in the visual-search task. Reaction times for target detection were shorter when the color of the target matched the imagined color, and when the color of the target was similar to that strongly associated with the imagined object, than when the color of the target did not match that of the mental representation. This effect was not observed when participants were not instructed to imagine a color. These results suggest that similar to VWM, visual mental imagery guides attention toward imagery-matching stimuli.     

Two Models of Moral Judgment

This paper compares two theories and their two corresponding computational models of human moral judgment. In order to better address psychological realism and generality of theories of moral judgment, more detailed and more psychologically nuanced models are needed. In particular, a motivationally based theory of moral judgment (and its corresponding computational model) is developed in this paper that provides a more accurate account of human moral judgment than an existing emotion‐reason conflict theory. Simulations based on the theory capture and explain a range of relevant human data. They account not only for the original data that were used to support the emotion – reason conflict theory, but also for a wider range of data and phenomena.     

3—7岁儿童与成人筷子使用动作模式的比较研究

通过比较3—7岁儿童与成人的筷子使用动作模式类型、特征和使用率,初步探讨了筷子使用动作模式的特点及发展趋势。研究结果表明：(1)儿童与成人中均存在八种筷子使用动作模式,各种模式在手指的分工、配合及完成任务的稳定性、适应性等方面表现出不同的特点,具有不同的效率水平;(2)随年龄的增长,个体筷子使用动作模式日趋转向效率较高的类型,表现为高效模式的使用率从3岁组的3．7％增加到成人组的50％,而低效模式的使用率从59．3％下降到10％。     

Sym（f（n））上最终无不动点且最终不同的集合

本文研究的是极大的最终无不动点且最终不同的集合（m.e.fd.集合）的基数,并讨论了与此相关的一个连续统常量,证明了以下结果：1.c_e〉W2.存在一个大小为2~w的m.e.f.d.集合。3.ZFC＋MA c_e=2~w4.令M｜=ZFC＋ CH,κ是M中满足条件w1≤κ〈2~w=λ的基数。则存在一个c.c.c.的力迫概念P,使得在模型M~p中有：（i）2~w=λ（ii）存在一个m.e.f.d的集合,其基数为κ。5.令M｜=（ZFC＋CH）。则在M中存在一个基数为W1的m.e.f.d.的集合A,使得对任意一个M上的Cohen力迫概念P,A在M~p中还是m.e.f.d.的集合。     

大学新生应对方式特点的研究

目的:探讨大学新生应对方式特点。方法:采用应对方式问卷对563名大学新生进行测量。结果:大学新生以使用成熟的应对方式(解决问题、求助)为主;在幻想因子上,性别和专业的主效应显著,女生得分比男生高,文科学生得分高于理科学生得分;在自责因子上,专业主效应显著,文科学生得分高于艺术体育类学生;在求助因子上,生源地的主效应显著,城市大学新生得分高于农村学生。结论:大学新生更多地使用成熟的应对方式;女生比男生更多地使用幻想的应对方式;文科学生比艺术体育类学生更多地使用自责的应对方式;文科学生比理科生更多地使用幻想的应对方式;农村学生比城市学生更少使用求助的应对方式。     

Exogenous attention to angry faces in social anxiety: a perceptual accuracy approach

We investigated the interaction between endogenous and exogenous attention for the processing of emotional stimuli in individuals with high social anxiety using accuracy rates. Following the presentation of an endogenous cue at the centre, exogenous cues (i.e., angry and neutral faces) were presented at peripheral locations. Subsequently, non-emotional masked targets were presented, and the participants were instructed to discriminate between the targets. With respect to exogenous attention, high socially anxious people exhibited higher accuracy when the angry face and target appeared on the same side than when they appeared on different sides, whereas low socially anxious people did not exhibit such effects. On the other hand, different abilities of endogenous attention were not observed between high and low socially anxious people. These results suggest that exogenous attention is biased towards threat in high socially anxious people.