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Julien S. Bureau Robert J. Vallerand Nikos Ntoumanis Marc-André K. Lafrenière 《Motivation and emotion》2013,37(1):121-133
The Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al. in J Person Soc Psychol 85:756–767, 2003) distinguishes two types of passion: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) that predict adaptive and less adaptive outcomes, respectively. In the present research, we were interested in understanding the role of passion in the adoption of moral behavior in achievement settings. It was predicted that the two facets of pride (authentic and hubristic; Tracy and Robins in J Person Soc Psychol, 92:506–525, 2007) would mediate the passion-moral behavior relationship. Specifically, because people who are passionate about a given activity are highly involved in it, it was postulated that they should typically do well and thus experience high levels of pride when engaged in the activity. However, it was also hypothesized that while both types of passion should be conducive to authentic pride, only OP should lead to hubristic pride. Finally, in line with past research on pride (Carver et al. in J Res Person 44:698–703, 2010; Tracy et al. in Self Identity 8:196–213, 2009), only hubristic pride was expected to negatively predict moral behavior, while authentic pride was expected to positively predict moral behavior. Results of two studies conducted with paintball players (N = 163, Study 1) and athletes (N = 296, Study 2) supported the proposed model. Future research directions are discussed in light of the Dualistic Model of Passion. 相似文献
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Bègue L Charmoillaux M Cochet J Cury C De Suremain F 《The American journal of psychology》2008,121(1):47-56
Thirty participants were sampled after donating charity to a street beggar and were compared by means of 2 short scales of belief in ajust world for self (BJWS) and belief in a just world for others (BJWO) with 30 randomly selected people who passed the beggar by without donating charity. We assumed that BJWO would be negatively related to altruistic behavior, whereas BJWS would be positively linked with it. A logistic regression analysis introducing BJWS, BJWO, and participants' age and gender as predictors showed that BJWO was negatively related to altruistic behavior, whereas the BJWS tended to be positively associated to it. No effects were observed for age or gender. 相似文献
45.
Marie-Christine Ouellet Miriam H Beauchamp Adrian M Owen Julien Doyon 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2004,58(4):272-288
A computerized version of the Tower of London task was used to investigate cognitive skill learning. Thirty-six healthy volunteers were assigned to either a random condition (nonrecurring problems), or to a sequence condition in which, unbeknownst to the subjects, a repeating sequence of three problems was presented. Indices of execution, planning, and total time, as well as number of moves performed, were used to measure behavioural change. Subjects' performance improved in both conditions across blocks of practice. A distinct learning effect related to the repeating sequence was also observed. This suggests that a specific skill that reflects procedural learning of the strategies, rules, and procedures pertaining to repeating problems can develop over and above a more general skill at solving cognitive planning problems with practice. 相似文献
46.
Debarnot U Creveaux T Collet C Gemignani A Massarelli R Doyon J Guillot A 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(2):398-405
A wide range of experimental studies have provided evidence that a night of sleep may enhance motor performance following physical practice (PP), but little is known, however, about its effect after motor imagery (MI). Using an explicitly learned pointing task paradigm, thirty participants were assigned to one of three groups that differed in the training method (PP, MI, and control groups). The physical performance was measured before training (pre-test), as well as before (post-test 1) and after a night of sleep (post-test 2). The time taken to complete the pointing tasks, the number of errors and the kinematic trajectories were the dependent variables. As expected, both the PP and the MI groups improved their performance during the post-test 1. The MI group was further found to enhance motor performance after sleep, hence suggesting that sleep-related effects are effective following mental practice. Such findings highlight the reliability of MI in learning process, which is thought consolidated when associated with sleep. 相似文献
47.
How professional and novice designers manage multiple objectives through constraint satisfaction was studied. An objective is defined as a network of constraints; a constraint is characterized as related to a source (internal or external) and an addressee (e.g., client or user). It has been shown that designers favour objectives related to external constraint (e.g., data from the task) and to the client. Generally, client and external constraints are identical. To study the management of multiple objectives, fifteen web site designers were instructed to design a site according to user's objectives or client's objectives. Our results indicate that the validity status allocated to constraints is more determined by the status of the addressee than by the status of the source, whatever the objective condition that must be satisfied. Possible methodological generalizations are discussed. 相似文献
48.
La présente étude vise à préciser la nature des déficits visuo-spatiaux observés dans la Maladie de Parkinson (MP) afin de mieux comprendre la pathophysiologie associée à cette maladie. Jusqu'à présent, l'investigation des troubles spatiaux chez ce groupe de patients a donné lieu à des résultats controversés, et ce possiblement en raison de l'intrusion de biais due à la présence de composantes motrices ou à l'implication d'habiletés relevant de l'intégrité des lobes frontaux dans les tâches expérimentales. Dans le but de départager l'influence de ces variables, et de définir davantage le(s) type(s) de demande(s) des processus cognitifs aptes à produire un déficit chez cette population clinique, 15 patients atteints de MP idiopathique, sans démence associée, et 15 sujets témoins sont évalués à l'aide de trois tâches visuo-spatiales. Deux de ces épreuves font appels à des habiletés visuo-spatiales de base et ne nécessitent pas de contribution motrice, soient la discrimination d'orientation de lignes et l'exécution d'opération mentale de rotation impliquant des stimuli tri-dimensionnels. La troisième tâche consiste en une série de problèmes visuo-spatiaux qui fait appel aux capacités de raisonnement visuo-spatial et à la flexibilité intellectuelle, et qui s'est avérée sensible aux lésions corticales frontales. Les résultats montrent que les sujets MP ont un déficit à l'ensemble des trois tâches, suggérant ainsi la présence de troubles purement visuo-spatiaux dans la Maladie de Parkinson. Les changements pathophysiologiques pouvant expliquer de tels déficits sont discutés. 相似文献
49.
Algirdas Julien Greimas 《Man and World》1980,13(3-4):345-355
Sans résumé 相似文献
50.
Julien S. Murphy 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》1987,2(2):113-124
The relevance of Sartre's theory of “the look” for feminist philosophy is evaluated through juxtaposition of his analysis with images of women's oppression in Rich's early poetry. A theory of liberation that recognizes the existential dimensions of women's situations is presented. Following traces of feminist vision in Rich's recent work challenges the category of “woman” which lies at the root of the sexism. 相似文献