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141.
Campbell and Di Paula (2002) suggested differentiating Perfectionistic Striving and Importance of Being Perfect subscales when measuring self-oriented perfectionism and Others' High Standards and Conditional Acceptance subscales when measuring socially prescribed perfectionism. In this study, we investigated the utility of this differentiation by analyzing data from 1,041 students and examining correlations with positive striving and maladaptive evaluation concerns aspects of perfectionism and with positive and negative indicators of well-being and psychological adjustment. As expected, (a) Perfectionistic Striving scores showed higher correlations with positive striving aspects of perfectionism and with positive indicators of well-being and adjustment than Importance of Being Perfect scores, and (b) Conditional Acceptance scores showed higher correlations with maladaptive evaluation concerns aspects of perfectionism and with negative indicators of well-being and adjustment than Others' High Standards scores. The findings indicate that Campbell and Di Paula's differentiation provides for a more detailed and informative assessment of multidimensional perfectionism and its different aspects. Moreover, it provides for new insights into self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and their relationships and associations. 相似文献
142.
Sense of Community, Neighboring, and Social Capital as Predictors of Local Political Participation in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qingwen Xu Douglas D. Perkins Julian Chun-Chung Chow 《American journal of community psychology》2010,45(3-4):259-271
This study examines the state of sense of community, neighboring behavior, and social capital in the People’s Republic of China, and explores their ability to predict local political participation, in the form of voting in elections for Urban Resident/Rural Villager Committees. Using a nationally representative survey, rural, older and married residents and those with a primary or high school education and higher perceived socio-economic status are more likely to participate. In rural areas, men are more likely than women to vote. For urban residents, knowing one’s neighbors is more important whereas in rural areas, neighboring behavior is more important, but both predict voting. Social capital does not generally predict Chinese people’s local political participation. Western definitions of social capital derived from theories about networking, bonding and bridging ties may be too culturally individualistic for China, whose collectivist society and agrarian kinship networks predate Communism. Simply knowing and helping one’s neighbors, rather than more abstract notions of trust, reciprocity or membership, may lead to the development of local democracy. 相似文献
143.
Joni Holmes Susan E. Gathercole Maurice Place Darren L. Dunning Kerry A. Hilton Julian G. Elliott 《Applied cognitive psychology》2010,24(6):827-836
This study evaluated the impact of two interventions—a training program and stimulant medication—on working memory (WM) function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty‐five children aged between 8 and 11 years participated in training that taxed WM skills to the limit for a minimum of 20 days, and completed other assessments of WM and IQ before and after training, and with and without prescribed drug treatment. While medication significantly improved visuo‐spatial memory performance, training led to substantial gains in all components of WM across untrained tasks. Training gains associated with the central executive persisted over a 6‐month period. IQ scores were unaffected by either intervention. These findings indicate that the WM impairments in children with ADHD can be differentially ameliorated by training and by stimulant medication. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
144.
Dr Julian J. Dooley John P. Wilson Vicki A. Anderson 《Australian journal of psychology》2010,62(3):160-168
Cancer often results in psychological impairment, and lung cancer has been associated with greater morbidity and higher levels of psychological distress than any other form. Chronic exposure to asbestos is a significant risk factor for development of lung cancer, called mesothelioma. Few have studied the psychological consequences of chronic asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. This study investigated stress and depression symptoms in 49 men (M = 51.1 years, SD = 6.0) diagnosed with mesothelioma. Participants completed traumatic stress, depression and general psychological health questionnaires. All participants reported significant levels of traumatic stress symptoms, which was associated with increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints and social dysfunction. The results provide important suggestions for clinicians treating such terminally ill patients. 相似文献
145.
W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2010,13(3):305-313
Many scholars have argued that unity of humankind can be established on the basis of some basic or core human values. Instead
of engaging in a comparative empirical research, compiling lists of core values derived from different cultures, discuss their
relevance for human fellowship, I examine the simple values of life that during the 1980s united people in Poland and made
them to form the powerful civic movement, which was Solidarity. Today we live in a world that is fundamentally different from
that before 1989. We are no longer divided by a global ideological struggle between communism and liberal democracy. The key
issue today is not a bipolar division but globalization. My thesis is today we need a new Global Solidarity and that this
movement can take lessons from Poland’s Solidarity. It should not be grounded in any ideology, but in inclusive values that
do not divide but can potentially unite all human beings, and these can be derived from basic human needs. In short, Global
Solidarity should be based on what I call the “righteousness of life.” It can be achieved if there is a growing recognition
of what is right for life and a growing interest in protecting and enhancing life. 相似文献
146.
Me, myself, and lie: The role of self-awareness in deception 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amanda K. Johnson Allyson Barnacz Toko Yokkaichi Jennifer Rubio Connie Racioppi Todd K. Shackelford Maryanne L. Fisher Julian Paul Keenan 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1847-1853
Deception has been studied extensively but still little is known about individual differences in deception ability. We investigated the relationship between self-awareness and deception ability. We enlisted novice actors to portray varying levels of deception. Forty-two undergraduates viewed the videotaped portrayals and rated the actors’ believability. Actors with high private self-awareness were more effective deceivers, suggesting that high self-monitors are more effective at deceiving. Self-awareness may lead to knowledge of another’s mental state (i.e., Theory of Mind), which may improve an individual’s deception ability. 相似文献
147.
Situations can be seen as having attributes or qualities in much the same way as people have traits. The structure of people's perceptions of these situation qualities was explored. A comprehensive list of adjectives that might describe situations was generated, and people rated situations using samples of the words. Across several samples of words and participants and several analytic methods, four factors show up regularly (positivity, negativity, productivity, and ease of negotiation). In a second study, it was shown that these factors predict the way in which people freely sort situations. The conceptual nature of these factors and of situation qualities is discussed, with particular emphasis on how people's goals and perceived outcomes influence their perceptions of situations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
149.
Julian W. Fernando Yoshihisa Kashima Simon M. Laham 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2019,22(3):227-243
Despite its status as a prominent set of theories for explaining the elicitation and differentiation of emotions, much appraisal theory and research offer little indication of the nature of the relationship expected between appraisals and emotions. Here, we present a three‐study, multiple‐method analysis in which we examine numerous ways of testing appraisal–emotion relationships using the “prosocial” intergroup emotions—sympathy, anger, and guilt—as an example. Results show that the set of appraisal dimensions that appears strongly characteristic of an emotion varies depending on the kind of appraisal—emotion relationship hypothesised and the experimental methodology/statistical analysis used. These findings demonstrate the utility of explicit theorising about the nature of the relationship between emotions and appraisals, and show how the hypothesised appraisal–emotion relationship and choice of methodology can affect the structure of appraisal theories. We recommend an analysis across multiple methods to provide a more complete picture of a given set of appraisal–emotion relationships. 相似文献
150.
Julian D. Ford John F. Chapman Geraldine Pearson Randy Borum Jennifer Meltzer Wolpaw 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):87-99
This study replicates and extends studies of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument, Version 2 (MAYSI-2) in a sample of 479 urban, rural, and suburban 12–16 year old youths (68% boys; 41% African American, 23% Latino)
consecutively admitted to juvenile detention centers. Six principal components replicated the MAYSI-2 factor-analytically-derived
subscales except for Depression/Anxiety, and suggested modifications of specific items in each sub-scale. Findings supported
the internal consistency and validity of the modified MAYSI-2 sub-scales. Few gender differences emerged, except that girls
reported higher levels of hopelessness and trauma than boys. Five sub-groups were identified based on component profiles:
(1) non-clinical, (2) addiction, somatic problems, and suicidality, (3) anger problems, (4) thought disturbance, and (5) addiction
and traumatic stress. The findings support the validity of the MAYSI-2 for juvenile justice mental health screening while
highlighting possible refinements in scoring in order to identify delinquent youths with distinctive psychosocial risks and
needs. 相似文献