Work Performance and the Achievement—Strivings and Impatience—Irritability Dimensions of Type A Behaviour

On propose dans cette étude un modfèle selon lequel les efforts en vue de la réussite et les dimensions impatience-irritabilité du comportement de type A prédisent directement et/ou indirectement la performance au travail. Dans un échantillon de 92 hommes et de 69 femmes (âge moyen: 30 ans), les efforts en vue de la réussite sont tenus de prédire la performance professionnelle directement et par l'intermédiaire de leur action positive sur la concentration. On suppose que l'impatience-irritabilité va détériorer la santé; et tout problème de santé devrait influencer négativement la concentration. On a recueilli, pour apprécier la performance au travail, à la fois des auto-évaluations et celles du contremaître. Une analyse taxinomique a fortement corroboré le modèle retenu bien que la liaison indirecte entre les efforts en vue de la réussite et les évaluations de la performance par le contremaître ne soit pas statistiquement significative.
In this study, a model is proposed whereby the achievement-strivings and impatience–irritability dimensions of Type A behaviour predict work performance directly and/or indirectly. In a sample of 92 males and 69 females ( M age = 30 years), achievement strivings are held to predict work performance directly and through their positive effects on concentration. impatience–irritability is predicted to negatively influence health; and any health problems are predicted to negatively influence concentration. Both self- and supervisor ratings of work performance were obtained. Path analyses provided strong support for the proposed model, although the direct link between achievement strivings and supervisor ratings of performance was not statistically significant.     

GENDER AND WORK HISTORY IN THE PLACEMENT AND PERCEPTIONS OF ELDER COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERS

This study explored factors that determine the types of volunteer jobs older adults are placed in, as well as factors that define the meaning of their roles. With a sample of 169 elder community volunteers (mean age, 73 years), we investigated the patterns of job perceptions of women and men in two types of volunteer positions: jobs that involved leadership and jobs that did not. A two-way MANOVA with gender and leadership as independent variables revealed that there was a significant interaction effect. When men are leaders, their sense of interpersonal feedback is higher than when they are non-leaders, but their sense of influence and autonomy is lower. Women in leadership jobs feel more influential and autonomous than their peers in non-leadership jobs. Subsequent analyses probing differences in job placement suggested that work history was a significant predictor of leadership jobs for men, but not for women. Correspondingly, men with prestigious preretirement work histories perceived their volunteer roles as less influential than men who had been in lower status jobs before retirement. Work history was not a predictor of job perception for women. These placement and perception issues are discussed within the context of an historical perspective on paid work, with special emphasis on gender.     

Untersuchungen zur theorie des hypothetischen urteils

Ohne Zusammenfassung