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31.
32.
Berlin and Kay (1969) found systematic restrictions in the color terms of the world’s languages and were inclined to look
to the primate visual system for their origin. Because the visual system does not provide adequate neurophysiological discontinuities
to supply natural color category boundaries, and because recent evidence points to a linguistic origin (Davidoff, Davies,
& Roberson, 1999), a new approach was used to investigate the controversial issue of the origin of color categories. Baboons
and humans were given the same task of matching-to-sample colors that crossed the blue/green boundary. The data and consequent
modeling were remarkably clear-cut. All human subjects matched our generalization probe stimuli as if to a sharp boundary
close to the midpoint between their training items. Despite good color discrimination, none of the baboons showed any inclination
to match to a single boundary but rather responded with two boundaries close to the training stimuli. The data give no support
to the claim that color categories are explicitly instantiated in the primate color vision system. 相似文献
33.
Three priming experiments investigated the role of attention and view changes when common objects were rotated in depth. Objects were shown in prime-probe trial pairs. Experiment 1 extended findings by Stankiewicz, Hummel, and Cooper (1998) showing that attended objects primed themselves in the same but not in a reflected view, whereas ignored objects only primed themselves in the same view. In Experiment 2, depth-rotations produced changes in the visible part structure between prime and probe view of an object. Priming after depth-rotation was more reduced for attended objects than for ignored objects. Experiment 3 showed that other depth rotations that did not change the perceived part structure revealed a priming pattern similar to that in Experiment 1, with equivalent reduction in priming for attended and ignored objects. These data indicate that recognition of attended objects is mediated by a part-based (analytic) representation together with a view-based (holistic) representation, whereas ignored images are recognized in a strictly view-dependent fashion. 相似文献
34.
Davidoff J 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2006,94(4):334-338
In their lead articles, both Kowalski and Zimiles (2006) and O'Hanlon and Roberson (2006) declare a general relation between color term knowledge and the ability to conceptually represent color. Kowalski and Zimiles, in particular, argue for a priority for the conceptual representation in color term acquisition. The complexities of the interaction are taken up in the current commentary, especially with regard to the neuropsychological evidence. Data from aphasic patients also argue for a priority for abstract thought, but nevertheless it may still be that the use of color terms is the only way in which to form color categories even if both linguistic and attentional factors play an important role. 相似文献
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Jules H. Masserman M. D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1989,19(4):257-270
Deviations of behavior induced in animals by motivational conflicts can be alleviated by pharmocologic, environmental and dyadic or group retraining procedures analogous to those employed clinically. To be successful in humans, basic therapeutic modalities involving rapport, anamnestic review, cognitive reorientations and guided rehabilitation should resonate with universal and urgent (Ur) aspirations for physical vitality, social security and existential serenity.Adapted from a Plenary Address to the Eighth World Congress of the World Psychiatric Association, Athens, Greece, October, 1989.Past President, American Psychiatric Association and Honorary Life President, World Association for Social Psychiatry. 相似文献
39.
Many of the phenomena underlying shape recognition can be derived from an assumption that the representation of simple parts can be understood in terms of independent dimensions of generalized cones, e.g., whether the axis of a cylinder is straight or curved or whether the sides are parallel or nonparallel. What enables this sensitivity? One explanation is that the representations derive from our immersion in a manufactured world of simple objects, e.g., a cylinder and a funnel, where these dimensions can be readily discerned independent of other stimulus variations. An alternative explanation is that genetic coding and/or early experience with extended contours—a characteristic of all naturally varying visual worlds—would be sufficient to develop the appropriate representations. The Himba, a seminomadic people in a remote region of Northwestern Namibia with little exposure to regular, simple artifacts, were virtually identical to western observers in representing generalized-cone dimensions of simple shapes independently. Thus immersion in a world of simple, manufactured shapes is not required for the development of a representation that specifies these dimensions independently. 相似文献
40.
The role of external genital sensory feedback and sex of S and the effects on copulatory behavior were investigated. The prevention of semen plugs and anesthetization of the vagina had no significant effect on the running times of the female or the number of mounts of the male, when compared to a control group. Anesthetization of the penis and prevention of erection significantly reduced the number of mounts made by the male. Short term changes in external genital sensory feedback were found to be one factor affecting copulation; however, nonsexual factors were also suggested as possible determinants and cited as areas of subsequent research. 相似文献