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Janak Pandey 《European journal of social psychology》1976,6(4):475-489
The purpose of the present study was to show the effects of the method of leader selection, leader's personality characteristics and styles of leadership and the combined effects of these variables on selected behaviors of leaders and members in discussion groups. One hundred and forty-four Ss selected from a pretested subject pool of 306 male participated in the experiment. The methods of leadership selection done on the basis of experimental manipulation were varied in one of three ways, i.e., appointment, election, and rotation. The findings suggest that the relatiomhip-oriented style leader were more effective than the taskoriented style leaders in making the discussion group to generate more ideas. The rotational and elected leaders showed more democratic and accommodative attitudes and behaviors in comparison to appointed leaders. Significant interactions among the variables indicated that predictions of leaders' and members' behaviors are most accurate when the joint effects of such factors are considered. 相似文献
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Same‐gender researchers interviewed 218 male and 198 female residents of 7 slums in New Delhi, India, which varied in terms of both household‐level variables (e.g., number of people and number of rooms per house) and neighborhood‐level variables (e.g., number of families sharing a water source). Consistent with prior research, women rated household stressors more negatively than did men. In contrast, men rated environmental stressors (traffic, garbage, air pollution, and crime) more negatively than did women. Individual‐level factors (age and psychological variables) significantly predicted both mental distress and physical symptoms. However, multivariate analyses revealed significant household‐and neighborhood‐level effects on mental distress, but not physical symptoms. 相似文献
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Manas K. Mandai Geetika Pandey Shyam K. Singh Hari S. Asthana 《International journal of psychology》1992,27(6):433-442
The degree of asymmetric handedness was measured by a 22-item hand preference questionnaire in a sample of 442 Indian subjects. Factor analysis of the data for right-handers yielded four item-clusters: Gross activities, skilled activities (general), skilled activities (specific), and activities subject to social pressure. Identical analysis for left-handers yielded three item-clusters: Activities that are executed with difficulty, with ease, and with greater frequency. The degree of asymmetric handedness in right-handers was positively (high) correlated with an index of social pressure against left-hand use, especially for the items, writing and eating. The correlation was negative (moderate) in left-handers, however, who had preferred the right hand for eating purposes. 相似文献
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Lateral asymmetry in eye, foot, and ear preference was measured using a 15-item questionnaire administered to 442 subjects. Degree and magnitude of asymmetry were greatest for eye, followed by foot and ear. Intercorrelations of lateral preferences were all positive and significant. Two primary factors, eyedness and earedness, were established. 相似文献
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Molly Helt Elizabeth Kelley Marcel Kinsbourne Juhi Pandey Hilary Boorstein Martha Herbert Deborah Fein 《Neuropsychology review》2008,18(4):339-366
Although Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are generally assumed to be lifelong, we review evidence that between 3% and 25%
of children reportedly lose their ASD diagnosis and enter the normal range of cognitive, adaptive and social skills. Predictors
of recovery include relatively high intelligence, receptive language, verbal and motor imitation, and motor development, but
not overall symptom severity. Earlier age of diagnosis and treatment, and a diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not
Otherwise Specified are also favorable signs. The presence of seizures, mental retardation and genetic syndromes are unfavorable
signs, whereas head growth does not predict outcome. Controlled studies that report the most recovery came about after the
use of behavioral techniques. Residual vulnerabilities affect higher-order communication and attention. Tics, depression and
phobias are frequent residual co-morbidities after recovery. Possible mechanisms of recovery include: normalizing input by
forcing attention outward or enriching the environment; promoting the reinforcement value of social stimuli; preventing interfering
behaviors; mass practice of weak skills; reducing stress and stabilizing arousal. Improving nutrition and sleep quality is
non-specifically beneficial. 相似文献
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Chintha Kumari Perera Rakesh Pandey Abhay Kumar Srivastava 《Psychological studies》2018,63(2):187-199
Religion and spirituality play a significant role as coping resources under stressful circumstances. Nursing professionals confront with a variety of stressors repeatedly and are found to employ religious/spiritual coping techniques in managing the negative impact of work stress. The present review explores different religious and spiritual coping strategies utilized by nurses of different socio-cultural and religious backgrounds and highlights the importance of treating religion and spirituality as two separate entities in studying their stress-buffering effect. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycArticles databases and Google Scholar were searched from 2006 to 2017 with the key words nursing, stress, religious coping, religiosity and spirituality. Various notions of the divine/transcendent aspect of life have led to lack of consensus over a functional definition of religion as well as spirituality. This is found to be the core element of methodological inadequacy in studying individuals’ reliance on religion and spirituality during stress. Further, most of the existing measures do not adequately explore spirituality as a construct independent of religion. Measures should be more culture sensitive to discover culturally enriched religious practices and rituals adopted by individuals belonging to different socio-cultural milieu to overcome stress. The role of religion and spirituality in stress resilience, emotion regulation and burnout among nurses around the globe needs further empirical support. Multiple levels at which religious and spiritual coping may moderate/mediate the relationship between work stress and behavioral/emotional outcomes among human service personnel who face high emotional labor demands should be more comprehensively analyzed. 相似文献
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Madhu Pandey 《Psychological studies》2010,55(2):159-164
Two hundred and thirty undergraduate girls drawn from three colleges located in and around Patna, Bihar, participated in a
study that aimed to explore their identity pattern and the pattern its relationships with family and college environments
as well as the socio-economic status and parents’ characteristics. Factor analysis yielded five factors of identity: Confident,
emotional, uncertain, conscious of one’s physical and religious self. Family environment had two facets: Cohesiveness of the
family and external exposure to the family. Academic emphasis and fun and freedom were the two dimensions of college environment.
The findings showed that both the academic emphasis and fun and freedom in the college environment played a crucial role in
shaping the girls’ identity. Cohesive family was another important contributor to girl’s identity. Mother’s education was
positively related to girls’ emotional self and father’s education contributed negatively to girls’ uncertain, religious,
and consciousness of physical self. 相似文献
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The current study examined developmental differences from the age of 5 to 18 in the creation process of own- and other-race facial composites. In addition, it considered how differences in the creation process affect similarity ratings. Participants created two composites (one own- and one other-race) from memory. The complexity of the composite creation process was recorded during Phase One. In Phase Two, a separate group of participants rated the composites for similarity to the corresponding target face. Results support the cross-race effect, developmental differences (based on composite creators) in similarity ratings, and the importance of the creation process for own- and other-race facial composites. Together, these findings suggest that as children get older the process through which they create facial composites becomes more complex and their ability to create facial composites improves. Increased complexity resulted in higher rated composites. Results are discussed from a psycho-legal perspective. 相似文献