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861.
This research aimed at validating two self-report composite rating scales of core affect that are useful when quick assessments are required, for instance, of current mood or recalled, anticipated, and experienced emotional reactions. The ratings were derived from the Swedish Core Affect Scales (SCAS) comprising six self-report rating scales of the two orthogonal dimensions of core affect, valence (unpleasantness-pleasantness) and activation (quietness-excitement). In three samples of university students who were requested to rate current moods, affect-inducing sounds, or affect-inducing pictures, the composite ratings were compared to SCAS, two widely used graphical rating scales of valence and activation, and skin conductance responses and the acceleratory peak of heart rate. Three different rating formats were also compared. The results showed that the composite ratings were reliable and yielded the expected correlations with the other ratings and with the physiological affect indicators. No effects of rating format were detected. It is concluded that the composite ratings of valence and activation may be used if quick assessments are called for. Choices can be made of any of three rating formats depending on purpose with the assessments. 相似文献
862.
Sara Landström Emma Roos Af Hjelmsäter Pär Anders Granhag 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2007,4(3):199-208
In this case study, we examined how variations of the camera perspective affect adults' assessment of veracity in a real‐life high‐stake situation; a masked male confessing to a very serious crime. The interview, conducted by one of Sweden's most awarded journalists, lasted 30 minutes and consisted of over 100 detailed questions about the crime. The interview was videotaped simultaneously by three cameras positioned at different locations, each taking a unique visual perspective. One camera focused on the suspect only, one on the interviewer only, and one equally on the suspect and the interviewer. Each videotape was shown to 32 adult observers (N = 96) who were asked to assess the suspect's veracity and to report subjective cues justifying their veracity assessment. The results confirmed the camera perspective bias, by showing that the observers in the ‘suspect only’ condition assessed the confession as significantly more reliable than did the observers in the ‘interviewer only’ condition. The observers reported that they relied heavily on verbal cues when assessing the confession, and particularly regarding confidence and consistency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
863.
Emotional and neutral scenes in competition: orienting, efficiency, and identification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Calvo MG Nummenmaa L Hyönä J 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(12):1585-1593
To investigate preferential processing of emotional scenes competing for limited attentional resources with neutral scenes, prime pictures were presented briefly (450 ms), peripherally (5.2° away from fixation), and simultaneously (one emotional and one neutral scene) versus singly. Primes were followed by a mask and a probe for recognition. Hit rate was higher for emotional than for neutral scenes in the dual- but not in the single-prime condition, and A' sensitivity decreased for neutral but not for emotional scenes in the dual-prime condition. This preferential processing involved both selective orienting and efficient encoding, as revealed, respectively, by a higher probability of first fixation on—and shorter saccade latencies to—emotional scenes and by shorter fixation time needed to accurately identify emotional scenes, in comparison with neutral scenes. 相似文献
864.
Under justification pressure, the decision maker knows in advance that the decision has to be justified to somebody afterwards. The effect of justification pressure on the search for risk defusing operators (RDOs) and the role of RDOs in the justification texts were investigated. An RDO is an action intended by the decision maker to be performed in addition to an otherwise attractive alternative to decrease the risk. As predicted, in Experiment 1 participants (60 non-students) under justification pressure searched more RDOs. Additionally, in Experiment 2 (80 non-students) RDO search success was varied. Under justification pressure, persistence of RDO search was higher when no RDO could be detected. In the justification texts, the existence or non-existence of RDOs played a prominent role. Searching for RDOs supports people in their goal to make a good decision and in their attempt to convince the addressee of their justification that the decision was good. 相似文献
865.
Dipl.-Psych. Steffi Kohl Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Heide Glaesmer Lutz Goldbeck Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Astrid Sonntag Nina Spröber Ulrike Willutzki Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):445-456
Background
A survey was carried out to ask the trainers and supervisors about their appraisal of the quality of the psychotherapy training and about ways to improve it 10 years after the inception of the “German psychotherapy law”.Methods
Training institutes provided e-mail addresses and other contact information from over 5,000 trainers. The questioning was carried out mainly by on-line questionnaires and 2,196 data sets were used for analysis.Results
Trainers showed overall satisfaction with the components of psychotherapy training and the skills of the training candidates. More knowledge transfer in the fields of therapy techniques and case studies and more cooperation with other professional groups were suggested. Trainers acknowledged redundancies between professional training and university studies and observed a heterogeneity of trainees, however, these were mostly considered helpful. Only half of the trainers were subject to evaluation of their work.Conclusions
The quality of psychotherapy training could be improved by stronger emphasis on practical knowledge. Structural changes should be made to take the problem of redundancies and heterogeneities into account. Regular and continuous evaluation of the training should become an integral part of professional training and the results should have consequences. 相似文献866.
International research on operationalization of psychoanalytical constructs has brought up several instruments which are often refused by non-psychoanalytical research because they stick too close to psychoanalytical terms. Furthermore, for all of these instruments intensive training is needed to achieve reliability, and some of them pertain only to certain parts of personality functioning. Recently, a new diagnostic instrument, the Shedler-Westen assessment procedure (SWAP-200) gained strong influence on the US American research on personality disorders. The SWAP authors claim to create a universal and empirically derived language to describe personality pathology. The Q-sort-based procedure is supposed to bridge the gap between empirical research and clinical practice, to overcome DSM-IV with its reduction to symptoms while ignoring inner psychic phenomena, as well as to build a foundation for psychoanalytic case formulation. The relevance of SWAP-200 for the German speaking region is discussed and its procedure is demonstrated by the presentation of one case. Due to positive outcomes of previous validation studies it could be reasonable to implement SWAP in Germany after further independent testing. 相似文献
867.
Juha Räikkä 《Journal of Political Philosophy》2009,17(2):185-201
868.
The Construct Validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and Longitudinal Evidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Piia Seppälä Saija Mauno Taru Feldt Jari Hakanen Ulla Kinnunen Asko Tolvanen Wilmar Schaufeli 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):459-481
This study investigated the factor structure and factorial group and time invariance of the 17-item and 9-item versions of
the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES; Schaufeli et al. (2002b) Journal of Happiness Studies 3:71–92). Furthermore, the
study explored the rank-order stability of work engagement. The data were drawn from five different studies (N = 9,404), including a three-year longitudinal study (n = 2,555), utilizing five divergent occupational samples. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized correlated
three-factor structure—vigor, dedication, absorption—of both UWES scales. However, while the structure of the UWES-17 did
not remain the same across the samples and time, the structure of the UWES-9 remained relatively unchanged. Thus, the UWES-9
has good construct validity and use of the 9-item version can be recommended in future research. Moreover, as hypothesized,
Structural Equation Modeling showed high rank-order stabilities for the work engagement factors (between 0.82 and 0.86). Accordingly,
work engagement seems to be a highly stable indicator of occupational well-being. 相似文献
869.
Pär Anders Granhag Franziska Clemens Leif A. Strömwall 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2009,6(2):129-137
The present study investigated guilty mock-suspects' counter-interrogation tactics with respect to the disclosure of possibly self-incriminating information, specifically, to what extent the disclosure of this information was moderated by (1) the suspects' criminal experience (naïve versus experienced) and (2) the degree of suspicion directed towards the suspects (low versus high). We found that experienced (versus naïve) suspects volunteered less self-incriminating information in an initial free recall phase. In a similar vein, when asked crime-specific questions, naïve (versus experienced) suspects admitted having committed more actions fitting with the crime under investigation. Furthermore, experienced suspects' willingness to report information was not affected by the degree of suspicion, whereas naïve suspects in a high-suspicion (versus low-suspicion) condition were more willing to report information. The results were discussed in the light of the psychology of guilt, the Strategic Use of Evidence technique for detecting deception, and the (over)use of naïve suspects as mock-suspects in psycho-legal research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
870.