James L. Werth  Judith R. Gordon 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2002,80(2):160-172

After providing background material related to the Supreme Court cases on “physician‐assisted suicide” (Washington v. Glucksberg, 1997, and Vacco v. Quill, 1997), this article presents the amicus curiae brief that was submitted to the United States Supreme Court by 2 national mental health organizations, a state psychological association, and an ad hoc coalition of mental health professionals. The document focuses on the role mental health professionals can play in discussions about hastened death. In particular, it is asserted that mental health professionals can assess capacity the decision‐making process, and the role of coercion in such decisions. The effect of the brief on the Supreme Court and within the organizations involved is also discussed.  相似文献   

    

Norman R. Brown  Xinjie Cui  Robert D. Gordon 《Applied cognitive psychology》2002,16(7):811-827

Estimates of national population were studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, Canadian and Chinese undergraduates rated their knowledge of 112 countries and then estimated the population of each. In Experiment 2, Canadians rated their knowledge of 52 countries and then provided population estimates for these primed countries and for a comparable set of 52 unprimed countries. In Experiment 1, participants from both nations produced estimates that resembled those obtained from Americans in prior studies (Brown and Siegler, 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , 2001 ). However, there were several reliable cross‐national differences in performance which appear to reflect cross‐cultural differences in task‐relevant naive domain knowledge. In addition, both experiments produced findings consistent with the claim that availability‐based intuitions play an important role in this task. In Experiment 1, cross‐national differences in rated knowledge predicted cross‐national differences in estimated population; in Experiment 2, primed country names elicited larger population estimates than unprimed country names. We conclude by arguing for the general utility of this hybrid approach to real‐world estimation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Judith Meek 《Developmental science》2002,5(3):371-380

New optical methods of studying the infant brain have been developed over the last 20 years. These techniques make use of a window of transparency of biological tissue to near infrared light. Using spectrophotometry new insights have been gained into mechanisms of brain damage in newborn infants undergoing intensive care, and non‐invasive functional activation studies have been pioneered in awake infants. Recently topographic mapping of activated cortex has become possible, and preliminary tomographic images of regional oxygenation in infants have been constructed. This is a rapidly changing field which offers exciting possibilities for studying both normal and abnormal child development.  相似文献   

    

Sanders GS  Gallup GG  Heinsen H  Hof PR  Schmitz C 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(5):190-192

Cognitive deficits are thought to be responsible for some of the symptoms and dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent research on the anterior cingulate cortex supports this assumption. More detailed and definitive evidence for this association will require identification of specific neural networks whose abnormal structure, connections or activity create the cognitive deficits in question.  相似文献   

    

Mirella Yani Soriano  Gordon R Foxall 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2002,2(1):23-36

The development of a translation of Mehrabian and Russell's scales for the measurement of pleasure, arousal and dominance from the original English to a Spanish version for use in Venezuela is described. The translated scales were administered to two samples of middle‐class Venezuelan consumers (n = 127,n = 127) between the ages of 20 and 50, among whom males and females were represented approximately equally. Internal reliability (measured by Cronbach's alpha) and scale validity (measured by factor analysis) indicate that the translated scales are suitable for consumer and other social psychological research in Spanish. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Gordon Kaufman 《Dialog》2001,40(1):43-60

  相似文献   

    

John Foskett  Gordon Lynch 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2001,29(4):373-379

A brief historical survey is given of the development of pastoral counselling in Britain. The positive contribution and qualities of the British pastoral counselling movement are acknowledged, but it is also recognised that the pastoral counselling scene in Britain is deeply fragmented and the causes of this fragmentation are briefly discussed. The articles in this symposium are welcomed as a sample of current thinking within British pastoral counselling. Four of the articles are fundamentally concerned with the nature and identity of pastoral counselling as a discipline, and another two explore specific elements of therapeutic practice (namely, prayer and forgiveness) that are historically associated with pastoral care. The presentation of original empirical research within some of these articles is also welcomed as a constructive development in the context of British pastoral literature.  相似文献   

    

Valdimar Sigurdsson  Hugi Saevarsson  Gordon Foxall 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):741-745

An in‐store experiment was performed to investigate the effects of shelf placement (high, middle, low) on consumers' purchases of potato chips. Placement of potato chips on the middle shelf was associated with the highest percentage of purchases. The results confirm the importance of item placement as a factor in consumers' buying behavior.  相似文献   

    

Gordon L. Flett  Norman S. Endler  Avi Besser 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):265-282

The present study examined the multidimensional interactionism model of anxiety, stress, and coping by investigating trait separation anxiety, controllability, and homesickness in 152 university students living away from home. Participants completed measures of trait separation anxiety, state anxiety, perceived controllability of the situation, and homesickness. Correlational tests confirmed that trait separation anxiety and homesickness were associated. Also, low perceived controllability was associated with state anxiety and homesickness. Finally, tests of a mediational model confirmed that both perceived controllability of the situation and state anxiety are significant mediators of the association between trait separation anxiety and homesickness. The findings provide support for models of homesickness that focus on diminished sense of personal control and proximity to attachment figures.  相似文献   

    

Peter Gordon   《Cognition》1985,20(3):209-242

It is often claimed that grammatical categories are initially acquired via their semantic properties. In the case of the count/mass distinction, semantic correlations should predispose the child to acquire the count/mass subcategories as a distinction between names for objects vs. substances. This proposal is tested in three experiments. The first two experiments with 3- to 5-year-olds employ a word-learning paradigm in which semantic and syntactic cues are either in conflict, in accord or in isolation. Results demonstrate that syntactic cues are clearly the most effective and predominate over semantic cues as a basis for subcategorization. The third experiment with 2- to 5-year-olds demonstrates that children do not miscategorize nouns whose semantic properties are either inappropriate or indeterminate. Thus, for example, they do not tend to miscategorize a term such as “furniture” which is a mass noun yet denotes a class of objects. These results suggest that the count/mass distinction is not acquired via an object/substance distinction although semantic properties of quantification are probably important for the acquisition process.  相似文献