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991.
Loretta A. Rieser-Danner Lori Roggman Judith H. Langlois 《Infant mental health journal》1987,8(2):144-155
The influence of infant physical attractiveness and infant temperament on the mother-infant relationship at 12 months of age was examined. Physical attractiveness of the infant was rated by 48 adults, and infant temperament was assessed by use of the Toddler Temperament Scale, which yields indices of activity level, rhythmicity, approach, adaptability, intensity, mood, persistence, distractibility, and threshold. Mother-infant attachment was measured via the Strange Situation. Results showed that 46% of the variance in attachment classification was accounted for by five of the nine dimensions of temperament (withdrawal from new situations, high intensity of response, low distractibility, negative mood, and low threshold of response). Physical attractiveness and other dimensions of temperament did not add significant amounts of variance over and above that contributed by the first five dimensions to the prediction of attachment. 相似文献
992.
Katherine B. Klehr Bertram J. Cohler Judith S. Musick 《Infant mental health journal》1983,4(3):250-271
The purpose of this study was to examine character and behavior in a group of mentally ill and well mothers. Mentally ill mothers differed from well mothers in mother-child interaction in their positive involvement in the feeding context and in overall optimal mothering during feeding. On measures of intrapsychic conflict and concern, mentally ill mothers demonstrated significantly more conflict in areas of trust, anger, self-esteem, mutuality and nurturance and more concern with issues of self-esteem, and giving and caring than well mothers. For the mentally ill mothers postpartum onset of illness and number of separations from her child were related to some aspects of character and behavior. 相似文献
993.
Four hundred fifty‐two employed persons rated the frequency with which they had been the victims of a wide range of aggressive actions at work. In addition, they also rated the frequency with which they themselves had aggressed against others in their workplaces. Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) covert forms of aggression, in which aggressors seek to conceal their identity from target persons, are significantly more frequent in workplaces than overt forms of aggression; (2) the greater the perceived injustice reported by employees, the greater their tendency to engage in workplace aggression; and (3) the higher individuals' scores on a measure of the Type A Behavior Pattern, the greater their reported frequency of engaging in various forms of workplace aggression. Results offered support for all three hypotheses. In addition, several demographic variables (participants' age and gender; the physical location of their workplaces) were also found to play a role in the occurrence of workplace aggression. Together, these findings were interpreted as underscoring the importance of establishing close conceptual links between research on workplace aggression and basic research on human aggression. Aggr. Behav. 25:281–296, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
994.
995.
Judith M. Gerson 《Political psychology》2001,22(1):179-198
Recent critiques of the identity literature have bemoaned the lack of clarity in conceptualizations of identity. R. W. Connell's (1987) theory of practice and Dorothy Smith's (1987, pp. 88–97) notion of "the everyday as problematic" provide the foundation for articulating the construct of identity practices. Identity practices refer to the routine actions and ways of thinking, as well as the representations of those acts and thoughts, that enable people to claim collective identities. Although identity practices mark group membership, they also signal marginality to or exclusion from other groups. This paper explores the importance of understanding identity practices at micro levels of interaction as well as macro-level structures and dominant culture narratives. The specific empirical focus—on German Jewish immigrants who fled Nazi Germany and arrived in the United States by 1945—enables an interrogation of the meanings associated with national identity practices. 相似文献
996.
David H. Silvera Tor Neilands & Judith A. Perry 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2001,42(5):417-427
Although global self-esteem has historically been assumed to be a unidimensional construct, recent theory and research has challenged this assumption. Instead, it has been suggested that self-esteem might more fruitfully be viewed as a two-dimensional construct composed of: (a) self-liking, based on our perceptions of feedback from our social environment; and (b) self-competence, based on our internal conceptions of success and failure in performing tasks. The Self-Liking and Competence Scale (SLCS) is a self-esteem measure that has recently been developed based on this two-dimensional conceptualization of self-esteem. The purpose of the present research was to validate a Norwegian translation of the SLCS. 372 participants were given a translated version of the SLCS, and the translated scale exhibited psychometric properties similar to those of the original English version of the scale. 相似文献
997.
Norman S. Endler Rachel L. Speer Judith M. Johnson Gordon L. Flett 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(1):36-52
The present investigation employed a general measure of self-efficacy, a measure of perceived control, and items relating
to expectation and evaluation (pre and post). The purpose was to determine whether general self-efficacy or perceived control
best predicted the criterion variables of state anxiety and performance on a stressful cognitive task (solving anagrams) under
conditions of high versus low control. These relationships were tested under the experimental conditions of high and low objective
control (i.e., the actual control afforded by the situation). Results showed that general self-efficacy, relative to perceived
control was a better predictor of state anxiety in the high and low control conditions but neither predicted actual performance.
Participants’ expectations of task difficulty, their own performance, and their performance relative to the performance of
others taken before the task were compared with their evaluations of difficulty and performance after completing the task.
Participants indicated that the task was easier than anticipated, but rated their own performance more poorly after completion
of the task.
The study reported in this article was supported, in part, by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Grant No. 410-94-1473
to Norman S. Endler. 相似文献
998.
Economic deprivation,experiential deprivation and social loneliness in unemployed and employed youth
One hundred and forty‐eight youth were allocated to one of four occupational sub‐groups: 47 unemployed with no access to paid work; 32 unemployed with access to some paid work; 30 unemployed with access to regular paid work; and 39 full‐time employed. All participants were assessed for levels of Economic Deprivation, Experiential Deprivation, Social Loneliness and Psychological Distress. Results indicated that Economic Deprivation and Experiential Deprivation varied according to occupational status, with those full‐time employed having the least deprivation and those not attached to the work‐force experiencing the most. Levels of deprivation were related to levels of Psychological Distress. Social Loneliness also varied across the occupational groupings. The unemployed with access to regular paid work experienced the least Social Loneliness; the unemployed with no paid work experienced the most. Lastly, both Economic and Experiential Deprivation were able to predict Psychological Distress; only Experiential Deprivation was able to predict Social Loneliness. Results are discussed in the context of Jahoda's ( 1982 ) deprivation model and Weiss's ( 1973 , 1974 ) social loneliness model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
Judith Schoenholtz-Read 《Journal of Psychotherapy Integration》2001,11(4):427-452
A group-based theoretical integration model presented in this journal (F. Knobloch, 1996) is elaborated in practice. The core aspects of the group-based system are described and illustrated with clinical examples as they apply to a modified therapeutic community: (a) the creation of the therapeutic world to represent real life and its multiple realities; (b) the group schema model as a context for problem identification and exploration; (c) the collaboration between therapists and group members; (d) the exploration and experimentation of problems through individual and group tasks; and (e) the transfer of new behaviors to real life situations and (f) the systematic application of major psychotherapy theories and techniques. 相似文献
1000.
Joke H. M. Tulen Wim H. Groeneveld Judith H. G. J. K. Romers Sander J. A. de Vries Ben J. M. van de Wetering 《Behavior research methods》2001,33(3):357-363
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterizedby recurrent and involuntary tics, in addition
to complex behavioral symptoms. Objective quantification of the nonspecific movements in Tourette patients can contribute
much to understanding the pathophysiology of this disease. We used three accelerometersto characterizehead movement patterns
and to objectively quantify head motility in the lateral, sagittal, and transversal planes in 9 Tourette patients and 14 controls
during periods of rest, conversation, and watching a videotape with an entertaining program. Characteristic head movement
patterns can be documented by means of accelerometry. Head motility levels in the lateral, sagittal, and transversal planes
were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls during all the procedures. The patients and the controls showed
a similar significant increase in head motility during conversation, but not during video watching. This first study shows
that for both standardized and ambulatory research, accelerometry may provide an objective tool by which to quantify the severity
and temporal dynamics of tics or nonspecific movements. 相似文献