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Jordan Nunan Ian Stanier Rebecca Milne Andrea Shawyer Dave Walsh 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(6):1473-1484
Law Enforcement Agencies gather intelligence in order to prevent criminal activity and pursue criminals. In the context of human intelligence collection, intelligence elicitation relies heavily upon the deployment of appropriate evidence-based interviewing techniques (a topic rarely covered in the extant research literature). The present research gained unprecedented access to audio recorded telephone interactions (N = 105) between Source Handlers and Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) from England and Wales. The research explored the mean use of various question types per interaction and across all questions asked in the sample, as well as comparing the intelligence yield for appropriate and inappropriate questions. Source Handlers were found to utilise vastly more appropriate questions than inappropriate questions, though they rarely used open-ended questions. Across the total interactions, appropriate questions (by far) were associated with the gathering of much of the total intelligence yield. Implications for practise are discussed. 相似文献
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Mirjam N. Stolk Judi Mesman Jantien van Zeijl Lenneke R. A. Alink Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Hans M. Koot 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):55-83
The effects of cumulative risk and parity on the effectiveness of a home based parenting intervention were tested in a randomized
controlled trial with 237 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for high levels of externalizing behavior. The
intervention was aimed at enhancing positive parenting and decreasing externalizing behaviors. The results showed that cumulative
risk was not associated with either change in child externalizing behaviors or change in positive parenting. When intervention
effectiveness was compared for primiparas (i.e., first-time mothers) versus multiparas (i.e., mothers with more than one child),
we found that intervention mothers of first-born children displayed an increase in their use of positive discipline strategies
as compared to first-time mothers in the control group, whereas a similar effect for multiparas was absent. Among multiparas
we found an intervention effect on sensitivity, with control group mothers showing an increase in sensitivity, whereas the
intervention group showed a constant level of sensitivity over time. These results suggest that parity may be a moderator
of intervention effectiveness. Implications for investigating moderators of intervention effectiveness are discussed. 相似文献
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Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Van IJzendoorn MH Pijlman FT Mesman J Juffer F 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(1):293-300
In a randomized controlled trial we tested the role of genetic differences in explaining variability in intervention effects on child externalizing behavior. One hundred fifty-seven families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior participated in a study implementing Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), with six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline. A moderating role of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) exon III polymorphism was found: VIPP-SD proved to be effective in decreasing externalizing behavior in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, a polymorphism that is associated with motivational and reward mechanisms and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. VIPP-SD effects were largest in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele whose parents showed the largest increase in the use of positive discipline. The findings of this first experimental test of (measured) gene by (observed) environment interaction in human development indicate that children may be differentially susceptible to intervention effects depending on genetic differences. 相似文献
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Mesman J Alink LR van Zeijl J Stolk MN Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van Ijzendoorn MH Juffer F Koot HM 《Aggressive behavior》2008,34(5):539-552
We investigated the reliability and (convergent and discriminant) validity of an observational measure of physical aggression in toddlers and preschoolers, originally developed by Keenan and Shaw [1994]. The observation instrument is based on a developmental definition of aggression. Physical aggression was observed twice in a laboratory setting, the first time when children were 1-3 years old, and again 1 year later. Observed physical aggression was significantly related to concurrent mother-rated physical aggression for 2- to 4-year-olds, but not to maternal ratings of nonaggressive externalizing problems, indicating the measure's discriminant validity. However, we did not find significant 1-year stability of observed physical aggression in any of the age groups, whereas mother-rated physical aggression was significantly stable for all ages. The observational measure shows promise, but may have assessed state rather than trait aggression in our study. 相似文献